Loading
  • 21 Aug, 2019

  • By, Wikipedia

Wars Involving India

This is a list of known wars, conflicts, battles/sieges, missions and operations involving former kingdoms and states in the Indian subcontinent and the modern day Republic of India as well as its predecessors.

Ancient India (c. 15th to 1st century BCE)

Name of conflict Belligerents Belligerents Outcome
Battle of the Ten Kings (c. 14th century BCE) Bharata tribe Ten King Alliance Bharatas Victory
Kurukshetra War Pandavas of Kuru Kingdom Kaurava of Kuru Kingdom Pandavas Victory
  • After Pandavas victory, entire North India or central India come under Kuru rule.
Kosala-Kashi war
(c. 650 BCE)
Kosala kingdom Kasi kingdom Kosala Victory
  • Kosala annexation of Kāsī
Kosala conquest of Gaṇasaṅgha
(c. 600 to 550 BCE)
Kosala kingdom Gaṇasaṅghas
Kālāma
Shakya
Koliya
Kosala Victory
  • Kosala annexation of three Gaṇasaṅgha
Gandhāra-Avanti war
(c. 575 BCE)
Gandhāra kingdom Pradyota dynasty Gandhāra Victory
Magadha-Anga war
(c. 535 BCE)
Haryanka dynasty Anga Kingdom Magadha Victory
  • Magadhan annexation of Anga
Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley
(c. 535/518BCE–450 BCE)
Mahajanapadas Achaemenid Empire Achaemenid Victory
  • Persian rule established over the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent
Avanti-Magadhan wars
(c. 510 BCE–400 BCE)
Magadha Empire Avanti (Ancient India) Magadha Victory
  • Magadhan annexation of Avanti
Magadha-Kosala war
(c. Late 5th century BCE)
Kosala kingdom Magadha led by Haryanka dynasty Magadha Victory
  • Magadhan annexation of Kosala and Kasi
Magadha-Vajji war
(c. 484 BCE–468 BCE)
Magadha Empire Vajjika League led by the Licchavis Magadha Victory
  • Magadhan annexation of Vajji confederacy
Indian campaign of Alexander the Great
(c. 327 BCE–325 BCE)
Macedonian Empire

League of Corinth
Persian allies
Indian allies

Indian Kingdoms Macedon Victory

Macedonia conquers up to the Beas River, yet has to stop its advance in the Indus.

Nanda conquest of Northern India

(c. 4th century BCE)

North Indian states

Kasheyas Ikshvakus Panchalas Shurasenas Kurus Haihayas Vitihotras Kalingas Ashmakas

Nanda Victory
Conquest of the Nanda Empire
(c. 323 BCE–322 BCE)
Magadha Chandragupta Maurya Maurya Victory
Chandragupta's conquest of North-western India

(322-317 BCE)

Magadha Alexander's governors and their states (satraps) Mauryan Victory
  • Mauryan annexation of North-western India.
Chandragupta's conquest of Deccan

(4th century BCE)

Magadha Southern states Mauryan Victory
Seleucid–Mauryan war
(c. 305 BCE–303 BCE)
Magadha Seleucid Empire Maurya Victory
  • Maurya annexation of all of the Macedonian Satrapies in the Indus River Valley along with conquest of Persian territories such as Arachosia, Gedrosia and Paropamisadae by the Mauryans
Kalinga War
(c. 262 BCE–261 BCE)
Magadha Kalinga Maurya Victory
  • Maurya annexation of Kalinga
Shunga-Greek War
(2nd Century BCE)
Magadha Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Shunga Victory
Early Chola invasion of Anuradhapura Chola dynasty Anuradhapura Kingdom Anuradhapura Victory
Shunga-Vidarbha War

(145 BCE)

Shunga Empire Vidarbha kingdom (Mauryan era) Shunga Victory

Classical India (c. 1st to 6th century CE)

Name of conflict Belligerents Belligerents Outcome
Saka–Satavahana Wars (c. 1st–2nd century CE) Satavahana Empire Western Kshatrapas Satvahana Victory
Battle of Venni (c. 130 CE) Cholas (Uraiyur) Chera dynasty
Pandya dynasty
Velir
Chola Victory
Parthian–Kushan War (between c. 130 CE to c. 140 CE) Kushan Empire Parthian Empire Kushan Victory
Early Samudragupta's conquest Northern India

(c. 4th century CE)

Gupta Empire 3 kings of Aryavarta Gupta Victory
Samudragupta's conquest of Northern India

(c. 4th century CE)

Gupta Empire 8 kings of Aryavarta Gupta Victory
Samudragupta's conquest of Southern India

(c. 4th century CE)

Gupta Empire 12 kings of Dakshinpatha Gupta Victory
Samudragupta's conquests of Central India

(c. 4th century CE)

Gupta Empire Parivrajaka dynasty Gupta Victory
Gupta–Saka Wars

(c. 375 to 413 CE)

Gupta Empire Western Satraps Gupta Victory
Chandragupta II's conquest of Bengal

(c. 4th century)

Gupta Empire Vanga Gupta Victory
Chandragupta II's conquest Balkh (Punjab and Afghanistan)

(c. 4th century to 5th century CE)

Gupta Empire Balkh states Indecisive
Kumaragupta I's conquest South-western India

(c. 5th century CE)

Gupta Empire Southern states Victory
Battle of Sondani
(528 CE)
Alchon Huns Aulikaras
Gupta Empire
Gupta and Aulikara victory
Gauda–Gupta War

(528 CE)

Gauda Kingdom Gupta Empire Gupta and Maukhari victory

Early Medieval India (c. 7th to 12th century CE)

Name of conflict Belliegents Opponents Outcome
Battle of Narmada
(619 CE)
Chalukyas of Vatapi Vardhana dynasty Chalukya victory
Battle of Pullalur
(618–619 CE)
Chalukyas of Vatapi Pallava dynasty Chalukya victory
  • Result of battle is inconclusive by mostly historians
  • Part of Chalukya–Pallava Wars
Battle of Vatapi
(642 CE)
Chalukyas of Vatapi Pallava dynasty Pallava victory
  • Pallava victory and conquest of Vatapi
  • Part of Chalukya–Pallava Wars
Sino-Kannauj war
(649 CE)
Forces of Wang Xuance Kingdom of Kannauj Chinese victory
Umayyad campaigns in India
(712–740 CE)
Gurjara-Pratihara
Guhila dynasty
Maitraka dynasty
Chalukya dynasty
Karkota Empire
Umayyad Caliphate Indian Victory
  • Arab and later Muslim invasions halted in India for next 250 years.
Yaqub's campaigns to the east

(861–870)

Zunbils

Kharijites

Medieval India

Abbasid Caliphate Saffarid Victory

Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar marched through Bost, Kandahar, Ghazni, Kabul, Bamyan, Balkh and Herat, conquering them

Pala Tibetan War ( 8th-9th CE ) Pala Empire Tibetan Empire Pala empire victory
Ghaznavid campaigns in India
(10th and 11th centuries)
Hindu Shahis
Rajput confederacy
Jatts
Chandelas
Kachchhapaghata dynasty
Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
Lodi dynasty of Multan
Tomara dynasty
Ghaznavids Ghaznavid Victory
  • Beginning of Muslim rule in the Indian Subcontinent
Chalukya–Chola wars
(992–1120 CE)
Chola Empire Western Chalukya Empire Chola Victory
Devendra-Chalukya wars (1090–1100) Kingdom of Devendra Western Chalukya Empire Inconclusive
Chola conquest of Anuradhapura
(993–1017 CE)
Chola Empire Anuradhapura Kingdom Chola Victory
Chola expedition to North India
(1019–1024 CE)
Chola Empire Somavamsi dynasty
Pala Empire
Kamboja Pala dynasty
Chandra dynasty
Chola victory
Chola invasion of Srivijaya
(1025 CE)
Chola Empire Srivijaya Chola Victory
Chola invasion of Kadaram
(1068 CE)
Chola Empire Srivijaya Chola Victory
Sena revolution of Bengal
(1070-1165 CE)
Sena dynasty Pala dynasty
Varman Dynasty (Bengal)
Sena victory
Indian campaigns of Muhammad of Ghor

(1175–1206)

Rajput Confedracy

Sena dynasty Soomra dynasty Ghaznavids Qarmatians Tibetan tribes

Ghurid dynasty Ghurids Victory

Late Medieval India (c. 13th to 15th century CE)

Name of conflict Belligerents Belligerents Outcome
Mongol invasions of India

(1221–1327)

 Delhi Sultanate Chagatai Khanate Delhi Sultanate Victory
  • Mongol forces expelled from India
Delhavi-Ganga War

(1243–1256)

 Delhi Sultanate Eastern Ganga dynasty Eastern Ganga Victory
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Ranthambore
(1301)
Delhi Sultanate Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura Delhi Sultanate Victory
Siege of Chittorgarh
(1303)
Delhi Sultanate Guhila dynasty Delhi Sultanate Victory
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat
(1304)
Delhi Sultanate Vaghela dynasty Delhi Sultanate Victory
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Malwa
(1305)
Delhi Sultanate Paramara dynasty Delhi Sultanate Victory
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Devagiri
(1308)
Delhi Sultanate Seuna dynasty Delhi Sultanate Victory
Delhavi-Kakatiya War

(1318–1323)

 Delhi Sultanate Kakatiya dynasty Delhi Sultanate Victory
Malik Kafur's invasion of the Pandya kingdom
(1310–1311)
 Delhi Sultanate Pandya dynasty Delhi Sultanate Victory
Battle of Lahrawat
(1320)
Khusrau Khan Tughlaq dynasty Tughlaq Victory
Battle of Singoli
(1336)
Kingdom of Mewar Tughlaq dynasty Rajput Victory
First Ekdala War
(1353s)
 Delhi Sultanate Bengal Sultanate Delhi Sultanate Victory
Second Ekdala War

(1359)

 Delhi Sultanate Bengal Sultanate Bengal Sultanate Victory
Jaunpur-Bhojpur War
(1389–1489)
Jaunpur Sultanate Ujjainiyas of Bhojpur Jaunpur Sultanate Victory
  • Ujjainiyas flee into the forest and lead a guerilla warfare resistance
Timurid campaign of India
(1398)
Timurid Empire Delhi Sultanate Timurid Empire Victory
Benga–Jaunpur War
(1415–1420)
Bengal Sultanate
Diplomatic support:
Timurid Empire
Ming China
Jaunpur Sultanate Bengal Sultanate Victory
Rajput-Malwa War Kingdom of Mewar
Kingdom of Marwar
Malwa Sultanate

Gujarat Sultanate
Nagaur Sultanate

Rajput Victory

Early Modern India (c. 16th to mid 19th century CE)

Name of conflict (Time) Belligerents Opponents Outcome
First Luso-Malabarese War

(1500–1513)

Kingdom of Calicut

 Venice  Mamluks

 Portugal Portuguese victory
Portuguese-Mamluk naval war

(1505–1517)

Mamluk Sultanate

Kingdom of Calicut

Bijapur Sultanate

Gujarat Sultanate

Supported by:

 Republic of Venice

 Ottoman Empire

 Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Siege of Anjadiva (1506) Bijapur Sultanate  Portuguese Empire Bijapur victory
Battle of Dabul

(1508)

Bijapur Sultanate  Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Gujarati–Portuguese conflicts

(1508–1573)

Gujarat Sultanate

Supported by:

Kingdom of Calicut

Mamluk Sultanate (until 1517)

 Ottoman Empire (since 1517)

 Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Portuguese conquest of Goa

(1510)

Bijapur Sultanate Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese victory
Siege of Aden

(1513)

 Portuguese Empire Yemeni Tahirids Tahirid victory
Siege of Goa (1517) Bijapur Sultanate  Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Battle of Zeila

(1517)

 Portuguese Empire Adal Sultanate Portuguese victory
Sinhalese–Portuguese conflicts

(1518–1658)

 Kingdom of Sitawaka

 Kingdom of Kandy

Principality of Raigama

Kingdom of Jaffna

Supported by:

Zamorin of Calicut

Kingdom of Tanjore

Vanni chieftains

 Dutch East India Company (From 1638)

 Portuguese Empire

 Kingdom of Kotte

Stalemate
Lodi-Rajput War
(1518–1519)
Kingdom of Mewar Delhi Sultanate Rajput victory
Rajput invasion of Gujarat
(1520)
Kingdom of Mewar Gujarat Sultanate Rajput victory
  • Royal treasuries of Gujarat plundered by Rana Sanga
  • Idar given to Rao Rai Mal Rathore
  • Part of Rana Sanga's conquests.
Battle of Raichur
(20 May 1520)
Vijaynagar Empire Sultanate of Bijapur Vijaynagar victory
Babur's conquest of Delhi Sultanate
(1526)
Delhi Sultanate Emirate of Kabul Mughal victory
  • Delhi Sultanate annexed by Mughals
  • Foundation of the Mughal Empire
Later Luso-Malabarese War

(1526–1571)

Zamorin of Calicut  Portuguese Empire Zamorin victory
Babur-Rajput War

(1526–1530)

Mughal Empire Kingdom of Mewar Mughal victory
Battle of Bayana
(21 February 1527)
Rajput Confedracy Mughal Empire
  • Afghans
Rajput victory
Battle of Khanwa
(16 March 1527)
Rajput Confederacy Mughal Empire Mughal victory
  • Mughal rule established in North India by Babur and Agra became centre of their power from Kabul.
Battle of Ghaghra
(1529)
Mughal Empire Sultanate of Bengal Mughal victory
  • Bihar annexed by the Mughals
Battle of Kannauj
(1540)
Mughal Empire Sur Empire Sur victory
Battle of Sammel
(1544)
Kingdom of Marwar Sur Empire Sur victory
  • Bikaner and Merta became independent from Marwar
Burmese–Siamese War (1547–1549) Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam)

Supported by:

 Portuguese Empire

Toungoo dynasty (Burma) Siam Victory
Battle of Sirhind (1555) Sur Empire Mughal Empire Mughal victory
  • Re-Establishment of Mughal Empire By Humayun
Second Battle of Panipat
(1556)
Hemchandra Vikramaditya Mughal Empire Mughal victory
Battle of Tughlaqabad
(7 October 1556)
Hem Chandra Vikramaditya Mughal Empire Hem Chandra victory
  • Hem Chandra annexed mostly Mughals or Sur Empire's region and established a strong Hindu Empire
  • Part of 22 battles fought by Hemu
Battle of Talikota
(23 January 1565)
Vijaynagar Empire Deccan Sultanates Deccan Sultanates victory
  • Vijayanagara was destroyed or looted by Muslim armies.
  • Penukonda became second capital of Vijaynagar Empire.
Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)
(23 October 1567 – 23 February 1568)
Kingdom of Mewar Mughal Empire Mughal victory
Siege of Ranthambore (1568)
(8 February 1568 – 21 March 1568)
Kingdom of Mewar Mughal Empire Mughal victory
  • Rajput leader Rai Surjan Hada surrenders Ranthambore Fort
War of the League of the Indies

(1570 – 1574)

Sultanate of Bijapur

Sultanate of Ahmadnagar

Zamorin of Calicut

Aceh Sultanate Sultanate of Aceh

Co-belligerents:

Princely states of the Kanara coast

Kalinyamat Sultanate

Sultanate of Ternate

Sultanate of Tidore

Sultanate of Golkonda

Mappila Muslims

 Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Mughal invasion of Bengal
(1572–1576)
Mughal Empire Sultanate of Bengal Mughal victory
Akbar-Rajput War

(1576–1605)

Mughal Empire Kingdom of Mewar Mughal victory
Siege of Daman (1581) Mughal Empire  Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Battle of Leitao Coast

(1586)

 Portuguese Empire Arab Niquilus Arab victory
Spanish-Portuguese conflict on China (1598–1600) Portuguese Empire Spain Spanish Empire Portuguese victory
Siege of Kottakkal

(1599–1600)

Portuguese Empire

Kingdom of Calicut

Kunjali Marakkar forces Portuguese and Calicut victory
Dutch–Portuguese War

(1601–1661)

Kingdom of Portugal

Supported by:

 Dutch Republic

Supported by:

Indecisive
  • Formation of the Dutch Empire.
  • Both sides claim victory in India.
Battle of Swally

(1612)

Kingdom of Portugal English East India Company British victory
Jahangir-Rajput War Kingdom of Mewar Mughal Empire Mughal victory
Ahom–Mughal Wars
(1615–1682)
Ahom kingdom Mughal Empire Ahom victory
  • Extension of Ahom influence to the Manas river
Battle of Toppur
(1616–17)
Imperial forces of Vijaynagar Empire
Nayaks of Tanjore
Second faction of Vijayanagara Empire
Nayaks of Gingee
Nayaks of Madurai
Pandyas of Tirunelveli
Kingdom of Travancore
Portuguese
Imperial Vijayanagara forces victory
  • It was the battle which cause the complete disintegration of the Vijayanagar Empire, which was reviving slowly.
Battle of Rohila (1621) Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • 14,000 Mughal soldiers killed
  • Governor of Jalandhar killed
Mughal–Safavid war (1622–23)
(1622–1623)
Mughal Empire Safavid Empire Safavid victory
Spanish-Siam War

(1624–1636)

Spain Iberian Union  Siam

Dutch Republic Dutch East India Company

Siam victory
Mombasa war

(1631–32)

 Portuguese Empire Mombasa Sultanate Portuguese Victory
Siege of Hooghly

(1632)

Mughal Empire  Portuguese Empire Mughal Victory
Battle of Amritsar (1634) Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • Entire Mughal force killed
Battle of Lahira (1634) Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • 35,000 Mughal soldiers killed
  • 100 taken prisoner
  • Governor of Kabul killed
Battle of Kartarpur
(1635)
Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • Guru Hargobind led Sikh army defeated Mughals
  • Shah Jahan ends attacks on Sikh
  • 50,000-96,000 Mughals killed
Siege of Orchha (1635)
(1635)
Bundela Rajputs Mughal Empire Mughal Victory
Battle of Phagwara (1635) Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • Mughals repulsed
Battle of Kiratpur (1638) Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
Siege of Daman (1638–1639) Mughal Empire  Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Early Dano-Mughal Conflicts

(1640)

Mughal Empire  Denmark-Norway Mughal victory
Danish-Mughal War

(1642–1698)

Mughal Empire  Denmark-Norway Stalemate
Mughal–Safavid war
(1649–1653)
Mughal Empire Safavid Empire Persian victory
  • Safavid/Persian re-annexation of Kandahar
Dutch-Zamorin Conflicts

(1666–1758)

Zamorin

 United Kingdom

Portugal Portuguese Empire

 Dutch Republic Dutch victory
Rathore rebellion
(1679–1707)
Kingdom of Marwar
Kingdom of Mewar
Mughal Empire Inconclusive
Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal war of 1679-1684
(1679–1684)
Ladakh
Mughal Empire
Tibet
Zungar Empire
Mughal military victory
  • Mughal withdrawal after signing a treaty with the Ladakhis
  • Tibetan victory in another attack in 1684 with the assistance of reinforcements from the Zungar Empire
  • Treaty of Tingmosgang
Deccan Wars
(1681–1707)
 Maratha Empire Mughal Empire Inconclusive
Hill States–Sikh wars (1682 - 1815) Sikhs Hill States of India Sikh victory
Maratha–Portuguese War

(1683–1684)

 Maratha Empire

 Portuguese Empire

Stalemate
Siege of Bijapur
(1685–1686)
  Bijapur Sultanate
 Maratha Empire
Mughal Empire Mughal victory
  • Mughal Empire annexes Bijapur State
Anglo-Mughal War
(1686–1690)
Mughal Empire  East India Company Mughal victory
  • British conclusion of peace with the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1689
Siege of Golconda
(1687)
Mughal Empire Golconda Sultanate Mughal victory
  • Mughal Empire annexes Golconda
Battle of Nadaun (1691) Bilaspur State

Akal Sena (Sikhs)

Mughal Empire

Kangra State

Bijarwal State

Sikh victory
Mughal–Portuguese War

(1692–1693)

Mughal Empire

 Portuguese Empire

Status quo ante bellum
Omani–Portuguese conflict (1696–1714)

 Portuguese Empire

Omani Empire Indecisive
Battle of Guler (1696) Sikhs Mughal Empire Sikh victory
Rajput Rebellion 1708-1710
(1708–1710)
Kingdom of Marwar
Kingdom of Mewar
Kingdom of Amber
Mughal Empire Rajput victory
  • Mughal emperor sued for peace
  • Restoration of the Rajput holdings which had been annexed by the previous Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
Maratha–Portuguese War

(1725–1726)

Maratha Confederacy

 Portuguese Empire

Inconclusive
  • Peace of Bassein
Maratha–Portuguese War

(1729–1732)

Maratha Confederacy

 Portuguese Empire

Supported by:

Portuguese Victory
Novas Conquistas (1729–1789)  Kingdom of Mysore
Maratha Empire
Portugal Portuguese Empire

Supported by: Rajahnate of Soonda Kingdom of Sawantwadi

Portuguese Victory
Nadir Shah's invasion of India
(1738–1739)
Mughal Empire Afsharid dynasty Persian victory
  • Persian occupation and plundering of Delhi
Travancore–Dutch War
(incl. Battle of Colachel (Kulachal) 10 August 1741

(1739–1753)
Travancore Dutch RepublicDutch Empire Travancore victory
  • Dutch colonization halted in Travancore
Battle of Vasai
(1739)
 Maratha Empire Portuguese Empire Maratha victory
Battle of Karnal
(1739–February 13, 1739)
Mughal Empire Persian Afsharid Empire Persian victory
Siege of Trichinopoly (1741)
(1741)
 Maratha Empire Mughal Empire Maratha victory
Expeditions in Bengal
(1741–1748)
 Maratha Empire Mughal Empire Peace treaty
  • Maratha annexation of the territory up to the river Suvarnarekha from Bengal
First Carnatic War

(1744–1748)

Mughal Empire

Nizam of Hyderabad

Kingdom of France Kingdom of France
Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Great Britain
Status quo ante bellum
Second Carnatic War

(1749–1754)

Kingdom of France Kingdom of France

Mughal Empire

Kingdom of Mysore

Nawab of Arcot (Chanda Sahib) Hyderabad State (Muzaffar Jang Hidayat)

Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Great Britain

 Maratha Empire

Nawab of Arcot (Wallajah)

Hyderabad State (Nasir Jung)

Stalemate
Naval Battle of Calicut

(1752)

 Maratha Empire Portuguese Empire Maratha victory
Seven Years' War
(1754–1763)
 France

Austria Austria
Russian Empire Russia (until 1762)
Spain Spanish Empire (from 1761)
Sweden Sweden (1757–62)
 Saxony
Mughal Empire (from 1757)

 Prussia

 Great Britain
Province of Hanover Hanover
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Iroquois Confederacy
Portugal (from 1761)
Hesse-Kassel
Schaumburg-Lippe

Status quo ante in Europe, but transfer of colonial possessions between Britain, France and Spain in the Treaty of Paris (1763).
  • French cession of New France (excluding Louisiana) to Britain and recognition of British supremacy in Bengal
  • Spanish cession of Florida to Britain
  • French cession of Louisiana to Spain
  • British cession of Cuba and Manila (Philippine Islands) to Spain
  • Britain restored the Indian factories to France, but forbade French traders from administering them
  • France recognized British clients as the rulers of key Indian native states and pledged not to send troops to Bengal.
Maratha conquest of North-west India
(1757–1758)
 Maratha Empire Durrani Empire Peace treaty
Battle of Plassey
(1757)
 East India Company Nawab of Bengal
French East India Company
Company victory
Afghan-Maratha War
(1758–1761)
Maratha Empire
Sikh confederacy
Durrani Empire
Rohilkhand
Durrani victory
Third Battle of Panipat
(1761)
 Maratha Empire Durrani Empire Durrani victory
  • Sadashiv Bahu led Maratha forces defeated by Ahmad shah abdali
Battle of Buxar
(1764)
 East India Company Mughal Empire Company victory
First Anglo-Mysore War
(1767–1769)
 East India Company
 Maratha Empire
Nawab of the Carnatic
Hyderabad
 Mysore Mysore victory
First Anglo-Maratha War
(1775–1782)
 Maratha Empire  East India Company Maratha victory
Second Anglo-Mysore War
(1780–1784)
 Mysore  East India Company
 Maratha Empire
Status quo ante bellum
Maratha-Mysore War
(1785–1787)
 Maratha Empire  Mysore Maratha victory
  • Treaty of Gajendragad
Third Anglo-Mysore War
(1789–1792)
 East India Company
 Maratha Empire
Hyderabad
Travancore
 Mysore Diplomatic support:  France Maratha-Hyderabad-British victory
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
(1798–1799)
 East India Company
 Maratha Empire
Hyderabad
Travancore
 Mysore Diplomatic support:  France Maratha-Hyderabad-British victory
Second Anglo-Maratha War
(1803–1805)
 Maratha Empire  East India Company British victory
Battle of Vizagapatam
(1804)
 East India Company
 United Kingdom
 France French victory
Anglo-Nepalese War
(1814–1816)
 East India Company
Garhwal Kingdom
Patiala State
Kingdom of Sikkim
Nepal Company victory
Capture of East India Company ship Nautilus
(1815)
 East India Company United States United States American victory
  • Capture of Nautilus by American forces
Third Anglo-Maratha War
(1817–1818)
 Maratha Empire  East India Company British victory
First Anglo-Burmese War
(1824–1826)
 East India Company Burmese Empire Company victory
Siege of Herat

(1837–1838)

Emirate of Herat

East India Company

Supported by:

 British Empire

Aimaq tribesmen

Maimana Khanate

Andkhui Khanate

Sheberghan Khanate

Sar-i Pul Khanate

Bukhara Emirate

Khiva Khanate

Qajar Iran

Supported by:

 Russian Empire

Principality of Qandahar

Company victory
First Anglo-Afghan War
(1839–1842)
 East India Company Emirate of Afghanistan Afghan victory
First Opium War
(1839–1842)
 Great Britain  Qing dynasty Company victory
First Anglo-Sikh War
(1845–1846)
Sikh Empire  East India Company
 Patiala
Company victory
Second Anglo-Sikh War
(1848–1849)
Sikh Empire  East India Company Company victory
Second Anglo-Burmese War
(1852)
 East India Company Burmese Empire Company victory
Anglo-Persian War
(1856–1857)
United Kingdom United Kingdom

Afghanistan

Iran Company victory
Indian Rebellion of 1857
(1857–1858)
Mughal Empire
Oudh
Forces of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi
Forces of Nana Sahib Peshwa II
Various other Rajas, Nawabs, Zamindars, Taluqdars, and chieftains
 East India Company
 United Kingdom
Nepal
Various other Rajas, Nawabs, Zamindars, Taluqdars, and chieftains
Company victory
  • Suppression of the rebellions
  • End of the Mughal Empire and Company rule in India
  • Establishment of Crown rule in India (British Raj)

Modern India (c. 1857 to 1947 CE)

Wars involving British Indian Empire

Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India company came to end and the British crown began to rule over India directly as per the Government of India Act 1858. India was now a single empire comprising British India and the princely states.

  British Indian defeat
  British Indian victory
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
Name of conflict India
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Second Opium War
(1856–1860)
United Kingdom British Empire

French Empire

 China Victory
Ambela Campaign
(1863–1864)
 India Afghan Pashtuns Defeat
  • Failure to subdue Afghan tribal area
  • Forced British withdrawal from Buner
Bhutan War
(1864–1865)
 India Bhutan Victory
  • Bhutanese territorial cessions to India.
British Expedition to Abyssinia
(1867–1868)
United Kingdom United Kingdom Ethiopian Empire Victory
  • British victory at the Battle of Magdala, Theodore II commits suicide.
Second Anglo-Afghan War
(1878–1880)
United Kingdom United Kingdom Afghanistan Victory
  • Treaty of Gandamak, British objectives attained.
  • Afghanistan's tribal frontier areas annexed into British India.
  • Afghanistan becomes a British Protectorate.
Mahdist War
(1881–1899)
Congo Free State
United Kingdom United Kingdom

Egypt Egypt
Ethiopia

Mahdist Sudan Victory
Anglo-Egyptian War
(1882)
United Kingdom United Kingdom

Tewfik Pasha

Ahmed Orabi Victory
Third Anglo-Burmese War
(1885)
 India Burmese Empire Victory
  • The province of Burma became part of India.
Third Black Mountain Expedition
(1888)
 India Yousafzai Victory
  • Allaiwal village of Pokal occupied and destroyed.
Sikkim Expedition
(1888)
 India Tibet Tibet Victory
  • Tibetan forces expelled from Sikkim.
Hunza-Nagar Campaign
(1891)
 India Hunza
Nagar
Victory
Chitral Expedition
(1895)
 India Chitralis Bajouri and Afghan Tribesmen Victory
  • Fort of Chitral relieved.
Anglo-Zanzibar War
(1896)
 Britain Zanzibar Sultanate Victory
Tochi Expedition
(1896)
 India Waziri Victory
  • Rebellion put down.
Siege of Malakand
(1897)
 India پشتون Pashtun tribes Victory
  • Rebellion defeated
First Mohmand Campaign
(1897–1898)
 India Mohmand Victory
Tirah Campaign
(1897–1898)
 India Afridi
Orakzai
Tsamkani
Victory
  • Negotiations for peace were then begun with the Afridis.
Boxer Rebellion
(1899–1901)
Empire of Japan Empire of Japan
Russian Empire Russia
British Empire United Kingdom

France France
 United States
German Empire Germany
 Austria-Hungary
Kingdom of Italy Italy

Yihetuan Movement
 China
Victory
  • The rebellion was suppressed.
  • Signing of the Boxer Protocol.
  • Provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing.
Second Boer War
(1899–1902)
 United Kingdom  Orange Free State
 South African Republic
Victory
British expedition to Tibet
(1903–1904)
 India  Tibet Victory
Bambatha Rebellion
(1906)
United Kingdom United Kingdom Zulu people Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
Bazar Valley Campaign
(1908)
 India Zakka Khel clan of the Afridi Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
World War I
(1914–1918)
 France
British Empire United Kingdom

Russia Russia
 Italy
 United States
 Serbia
 Montenegro
 Belgium
 Japan
 Romania
 Portugal
Hejaz
Beiyang government China
 Greece
Brazil
Kingdom of Nepal

 Germany
 Austria-Hungary
 Ottoman Empire
 Bulgaria
Victory
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
(1918–1920)
Russian Empire White Movement
United Kingdom British Empire

 Japan
 Czechoslovakia
 Greece
 Poland
 United States
France France
 Romania
 Serbia
 Italy
Beiyang government China

 Russian SFSR
 Far Eastern Republic
Latvian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
Commune of Estonia
Mongolian communists
Withdrawal
  • Allied withdrawal from Russia.
  • Bolshevik victory over White Army.
Turkish War of Independence
(1919–1923)
 Greece

French Third Republic France

Armenia Armenia
United Kingdom United Kingdom

Ottoman Empire Istanbul Government

Kingdom of Italy Italy
Georgia

Ankara Government

Kuva-yi Milliye

Defeat
Third Anglo-Afghan War
(1919)
United Kingdom United Kingdom Afghanistan Armistice
  • Treaty of Rawalpindi
  • Afghan invasion repelled.
  • Afghanistan regains control of external affairs.
  • Reaffirmation of the Durand Line.
First Waziristan Campaign
(1919)
 India Waziristan Victory
  • Suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
Kuwait–Najd War
(1919–1920)
British Empire United Kingdom

Kuwait

Sultanate of Nejd Victory
  • Ikhawan retreat.
Iraqi revolt
(1920)
United Kingdom United Kingdom Iraqi rebels Victory
Malabar rebellion
(1921)
 India Mappila Muslims Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed.
Pink's War
(1925)
 India Mahsud tribesmen Victory
  • Tribal leaders accept terms.
Second Mohmand Campaign
(1935)
 India Mohmand Victory
Second Waziristan Campaign
(1936–1939)
 India Waziri tribesmen Victory
  • Suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
World War II
(1939–1945)
 Soviet Union
 United States
 United Kingdom
 China
France France
 Free France
Poland
 Yugoslavia
 Greece
Republican Spain
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Denmark
 Norway
 Czechoslovakia
FTM
 Canada
 Australia
 New Zealand
 India
 Ceylon
British Burma
Egypt
Sudan
Nigeria
 South Africa
Philippines Philippines
Ethiopian Empire Ethiopia
Brazil
 Mexico
 Colombia
Cuba
 Chile
 Peru
Mongolian People's Republic Mongolia
 Tuva
Viet Minh
KLA
Kingdom of Nepal
 Germany
 Japan
 Italy
Vichy France
 Romania
Kingdom of Hungary Hungary
 Bulgaria
Slovakia
Bohemia and Moravia
 Croatia
 Finland
 Francoist Spain
Kingdom of Albania
German Albania
Thailand
 Iraq
Azad Hind
Japanese Burma
 Manchukuo
 Mengjiang
Victory
Western Desert Campaign
(1940–1943)
 United Kingdom

 Australia
 New Zealand
Egypt
 South Africa
 Free France
Poland
Greece
Czechoslovakia

 Italy

Supported by:
 Germany

Victory
  • Allied Victory
East African Campaign
(1940–1943)
 United Kingdom

 Belgium

 Ethiopia
 Free France

 Italy

Supported by:
 Germany

Victory
  • Collapse of Italian East Africa
Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran

(1941)

 Soviet Union

United Kingdom United Kingdom

Iran Victory
Indonesian National Revolution
(1945–1947)
Netherlands Netherlands
United Kingdom United Kingdom
Indonesia Indonesia
  • British Indian withdrawal after Indian independence in 1947.
  • Independent India's entry into the revolution.
  • The Netherlands recognises Indonesian independence.
Operation Masterdom
(1945–1946)
United Kingdom United Kingdom

France France
Japan Japan

Viet Minh Victory

Independent India (c. 1947–present)

Wars involving the Dominion and Republic of India

In 1947, the British Indian Empire split into the Dominion of Pakistan and the Dominion of India. The Indian Army, the Royal Indian Air Force and the Royal Indian Navy too, were divided between the two countries. In 1950, the Union of India became the Republic of India after abolishing monarchy.

  Indian defeat
  Indian victory
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict
Name of conflict India
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
(1947–1948)
 India  Pakistan
Furqan Force
Ceasefire
Integration of Junagadh
(1947)
 India Junagadh Victory
  • Annexation of Junagadh into India
Operation Polo
(1948)
 India Hyderabad Victory
  • Annexation of Hyderabad into India
Korean War
(1950–1953)
 South Korea

United Nations
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Canada
 Turkey
 Australia
 Philippines
 New Zealand
 Thailand
 Ethiopia
 Greece
 France
 Colombia
 Belgium
 South Africa
 Netherlands
 Luxembourg Supported by:

 North Korea


 China
 Soviet Union Supported by:

Stalemate
  • Formation of the DMZ
Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
(1954)
 India Portugal Portugal Victory
Congo Crisis
(1960–1964)
1960–63:

Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo


Supported by:
 Soviet Union (1960)
United Nations ONUC

1960–63:

 Katanga
 South Kasai
Supported by:
 Belgium


1960–62:
Democratic Republic of the Congo Stanleyville government
Supported by:
 Soviet Union

Victory
Annexation of Goa
(1961)
 India Portugal Portugal Victory
Sino-Indian War of 1962
(1962)
 India  China Defeat
Insurgency in Northeast India
(1964–)
 India
 Bhutan (joined in 2003)
 Bangladesh (joined in 1971)

 Myanmar (joined in 2018)

ATTF

BLTF
HuM
KLNLF
KLO
NDFB
NSCN
PLA
ULFA
UNLF
and others...

Ongoing
  • Ongoing low-level insurgency
  • Re-annexation of those areas of Mizoram, Tripura and Meghalaya held by militants.
  • Bhutanese victory in Operation All Clear
  • Introduction of AFSPA in seven north-eastern states, later repealed in Tripura and Meghalaya.
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
(1965)
 India  Pakistan Stalemate
Naxalite–Maoist insurgency
(1967–)
 India Ongoing
Nathu La and Cho La clashes
(1967)
 India  China Victory
Bangladesh Liberation War
( From March 1971)
& Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
( From Dec 1971)
 India
Bangladesh Bangladesh

Supported by:
 Soviet Union

 Pakistan

Supported by:
 United States
 United Kingdom
 China
 Iran
 Ceylon
 Saudi Arabia

Victory
The First JVP insurrection
(1971)
Dominion of Ceylon Ceylon

Australia Australia
Egypt Egypt
India India
Pakistan Pakistan
Singapore Singapore
Soviet Union Soviet Union
United Kingdom United Kingdom
United States United States
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
China China

JVP

Supported by:
 North Korea (alleged)
Ba'athist Iraq ASBPI
CCP (Maoist) (alleged)

Victory
  • Rebel forces surrender
  • Ceylonese government reestablishes control over entire island
Siachen conflict
(1984–2003)
 India  Pakistan Victory
Operation Blue Star (1984)  India

Supported by:
 United Kingdom

 Soviet Union

Sikh militants Victory
  • Indian forces suffer high casualties
Insurgency in Punjab (1984–1995)  India

Supported by:
 United Kingdom

 Soviet Union

Sikh militants

Supported by:
 Pakistan

Victory
  • Militancy defeated
Operation Flowers are Blooming
(1986)
 India
 Seychelles
Military of Seychelles Victory
  • Aversion of the coup
  • Resignation of Berlouis
The Second JVP insurrection
(1987–1989)
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka
India India
 United States
 United Kingdom

Military support:

JVP
Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya
IUSF

Supported by:

Victory
  • Emergency conditions in South-western and Central provinces of Sri Lanka lifted
  • Insurgency declined following the fall of the Eastern bloc
Sri Lankan Civil War
(1987–1990)
 India
 Sri Lanka
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Withdrawal
Operation Cactus
(1988)
 India
Maldives Maldives
PLOTE
Maldives Maldivian rebels
Victory
  • Restoration of government rule in Maldives
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
(1989–)
 India Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami

Lashkar-e-Taiba
Jaish-e-Mohammed
Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
Al-Badr
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front


Supported by:
 Pakistan
Afghanistan Taliban
al-Qaeda

Ongoing
Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997) United Nations UNMOT

Non-UNMOT:

United Tajik Opposition
Afghanistan Taliban
Victory
United Nations Operation in Somalia II
(1993–1995)

(Part of the Somali Civil War)
(1991–)

United Nations UNOSOM II Somalia Somali National Alliance Inconclusive/Other Result
Kargil War
(1999)
 India  Pakistan

Victory

Operation Ocean Shield
(2009–2016)
 NATO

Non-NATO:

Pirates

Victory

  • Number of Somali pirate attacks have been reduced dramatically.
China–India skirmishes
(2020–21)
 India  China

Stalemate

  • Both sides pulled back their troops from the face-off points.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ unofficial Portuguese soldiers just helped the Zamorin.
  2. ^ ONUC, the United Nations Operation in the Congo, included troops from Ghana, Tunisia, Morocco, Ethiopia, Ireland, Guinea, Sweden, Mali, Sudan, Liberia, Canada, India, Indonesia and the United Arab Republic among others.
  3. ^ The secession of Katanga and South Kasai was also supported by South Africa, France and the neighbouring Central African Federation. However, it was never officially recognised by any other state.

References

  1. ^ Strabo, Geography, xv.2.9
  2. ^ Kosmin, Paul J. (2014), The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, Territory, and Ideology in Seleucid Empire, Harvard University Press, pp. 33–34, ISBN 978-0-674-72882-0
  3. ^ Smith, Vincent Arthur (1920), The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911, Clarendon Press, pp. 104–106
  4. ^ Loureiro, Rui Manuel. Galiote Pereira_Algumas cousas sabidas da China_1992.
  5. ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Foreign Settlements - Portuguese Settlement". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  6. ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Essays - Spain". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  7. ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  8. ^ Wellen, Kathryn (2015). "The Danish East India Company's War against the Mughal Empire, 1642–1698" (PDF). Journal of Early Modern History. 19 (5): 448. doi:10.1163/15700658-12342470 – via Brill. Appalled, Pessart sent a formal declaration of war in 1642 and sent two of Tranquebar's best ships north to attack Bengal, where they captured a ship they renamed Den Bengalske Prise.
  9. ^ Boland-Crewe, Tara; Lea, David (2003). The Territories and States of India (e-book ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 145. ISBN 9781135356255.
  10. ^ Poonen, T. I. (1978). Dutch Hegemony in Malabar and Its Collapse, A.D. 1663-1795. Department of Publications, University of Kerala. p. 70.
  11. ^ Lobato, 1965, p.100.
  12. ^ Franco-Indian Alliances
  13. ^ L.Lee, Johnathan (1996). The 'Ancient Supremacy': Bukhara, Afghanistan & the Battle for Balkh, 1731–1901. Brill Publishers. p. 150. ISBN 978-90-04-10399-3. ISSN 0929-2403.
  14. ^ Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the world: a global guide to citizens' rights and responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
  15. ^ http://www.asianage.com/debate/age-debate-after-tripura-it-time-revoke-afspa-jammu-and-kashmir-922
  16. ^ "AFSPA removed from Meghalaya, eight police stations in Arunachal Pradesh". www.msn.com. Archived from the original on 23 April 2018.
  17. ^ "Are India's plans to celebrate 1965 war 'victory' in 'bad taste'?". Geeta Pandey. BBC News. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  18. ^ Asia Times Online :: Southeast Asia news and business from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam. Atimes.com (2010-04-22). Retrieved on 2014-05-21.
  19. ^ "Cold war games". Bharat Rakshak. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
  20. ^ "Birth of a nation". The Indian Express. 11 December 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  21. ^ VSM, Brig Amar Cheema (31 March 2015). The Crimson Chinar: The Kashmir Conflict: A Politico Military Perspective. Lancer Publishers. ISBN 9788170623014. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  22. ^ Rajagopalan, Rajesh; Mishra, Atul (2015). Nuclear South Asia: Keywords and Concepts. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-32475-1.
  23. ^ "Role of Russia, America, China and Britain". Archived from the original on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  24. ^ Alvandi, Roham (2016). Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: The United States and Iran in the Cold War. Oxford University Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-19-061068-5. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  25. ^ Mudiam, Prithvi Ram (1994). India and the Middle East. British Academic Press. ISBN 9781850437031. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  26. ^ "India and Its Neighbors: Cooperation or Confrontation?" (PDF). CIA. p. 7.
  27. ^ "The Island".
  28. ^ "Brief Overview of Sri Lanka's Foreign Relations to Post-Independence". Foreign Ministry – Sri Lanka.
  29. ^ "Pak thanks Lanka for help in 1971 war". Hindustan Times. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  30. ^ Bowman, Martin (30 January 2016). Cold war jet combat. Pen and Sword. ISBN 9781473874633. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  31. ^ Ganguly, Sumit; Paul Kapur (7 August 2012). India, Pakistan, and the Bomb: Debating Nuclear Stability in South Asia. Columbia University Press. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-231-14375-2.
  32. ^ Gall, Carlotta (21 January 2007). "At Border, Signs of Pakistani Role in Taliban Surge – New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  33. ^ "Pakistani opposition presses for Sharif's resignation". Wsws.org. 7 August 1999. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
  34. ^ "New Zealand joins NATO's counter-piracy mission Ocean Shield". NATO. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  35. ^ "India-China border dispute: Can the peace last?". DW News. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  36. ^ "How India and China pulled back from a border war — and why now". Federica Marsi. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 22 October 2024.