Washington Cemetery (Brooklyn)
Founded in Kings County in 1850, outside the independent city of Brooklyn, it became a Jewish burial ground as early as 1857, at first serving primarily German Jewish immigrants. Brooklyn's cemeteries were authorized under the Rural Cemetery Act of 1847, which allowed for the construction of commercial cemeteries outside what were then city limits. This part of Kings County was not yet incorporated into the City of Brooklyn, and the legislation resulted in the development of several large parcels of farmland as cemeteries. Later in the 19th and early 20th centuries, most Jewish immigrants came from the Russian Empire and Eastern Europe.
Cemetery configuration
Washington Cemetery is made up of five "gated cemeteries," separated by several local Brooklyn streets. The cemetery office building is located on the grounds of Cemetery #1, which was the original cemetery. It is served by the Bay Parkway station of the F train of the New York City Subway.
The founder of Washington Cemetery, James Arlington Bennet, is buried there, as are his wife and son. Bennet was born in New York, and was proprietor and principal of the Arlington House, an educational institution on Long Island. He is usually remembered as Joseph Smith's first choice as Vice-Presidential running mate in the United States presidential election of 1844, before Smith was assassinated. His surname is misspelled on his headstone, which reads, "Author of Bennett's Book Keeping & Other Works. Founder of Washington Cemetery."
Cemetery #1
Cemetery #1 is shaped like a pentagon, and bordered on three of its sides by major Brooklyn streets: Ocean Parkway, Bay Parkway, and McDonald Avenue. The main entrance and cemetery office building are on Bay Parkway just off McDonald Avenue. The interior of Cemetery #1 is crisscrossed by paths called Rose, Hyacinth, Jasmine, Aster, Lotus, and Evergreen avenues. It has numerical posts from number one to number one hundred and forty-nine "A" (1–149A), sections marked "ranges". It has "burial society" sections established by early immigrant groups of landsmannschaft or synagogue congregations. Burials are still being conducted here. This section houses the majority of the mausoleums and larger monuments. In December 2010, this section sustained the majority of some 200 overturned and broken headstones damaged by vandals at the cemetery. Although there are concrete walkways through the area, grave markers are very closely positioned in some areas, and visitors sometimes have to walk on grass.
Cemetery #2
Cemetery #2 is located across from Cemetery #1 and the office building. It is triangular, bounded on two of its sides by major thoroughfares: McDonald Avenue on the northeast and Bay Parkway on the northwest; it has four entrances and exits. Cemetery posts are numbered 150 to 237. It is crisscrossed by paths, and houses burial or congregational society sections. Its named paths are Cedar, Maple, and Cypress avenues.
Cemetery #3
Cemetery #3 is located across Bay Parkway directly across from Cemetery #2. It is bounded by Bay Parkway on its southeast and 21st Avenue on its northwest. It has five entrances and exits, and numbered posts from 231 to 333. Its named paths are Orange, Sycamore, Spruce, Aspen, and Balsam avenues.
Cemetery #4
Cemetery #4 is directly across 21st Avenue from Cemetery #3, bounded by 21st Avenue on its southeast and 20th Avenue on its northwest, and has numbered posts are 334 to 462. It has five entrances and exits, and paths named are Walnut, Ash, Tulip, Iris, and Pine avenues.
Cemetery #5
Cemetery #5 is directly across Cemetery #4, and bounded by 20th Avenue on its southeast. Its numbered posts run from 464 to 519. Oak, Magnolia, Arcadia, and Birch avenues are its named paths. It has sections with four numbers on its west side.
List of Societies in Washington cemeteries
(partial list)
- Adler's Young Men Independent Association – Cemetery #1, Post 60
- Agudas Achim Anshe Wilner (also Congregation Machsika Torah Ansha Seinier) – established in 1874
- Agudas Achim Anshe Wilner (also Congregation Machsike Torah Anshe Wilno) – established in 1899
- Beth Israel Congregation – Cemetery #1, Post 62
- Bielsker Bruderlicher Unterstitzungs Verein – Cemetery #2, Post 222
- Bialystoker Somach Noflim
- Bnei Isaac Anshei Lechowitz (Lyakhovichi)
- Bnai Mosche Anshe Ullanover & Umgagend
- Chebra Rofei Cholim M. Krakau – Cemetery #1, Post 102 (Cemetery Records & Photo of Gate)
- Chevra Adas Wolkowisk – Cemetery #2, Post 158 and Cemetery #4, Post 371
- Chevra Anshe Chesed B'nai Kowna – Cemetery #1, Post 81
- Chevra Bikur Cholem Anshei Zuromin – Cemetery #4, Post 363
- Chevra Nor Tomid Anshi Lebashoff – Cemetery Section #3 Post 300
- Chevra Machzikei Hadas Anshei Sfard – Cemetery #3, Post 295
- Chevra Rodfei Zedek Anshe Ritava – Cemetery #1, Post 14
- Chevra Shaare Benah – Cemetery #1, Post 83
- Congregation Agudath Achim M'Krakauer, Organized in 1867 – Cemetery #1, Post 104
- Congregation Bnei Israel Anshe Keidan – Cemetery #1, Post 144, and Cemetery #3, Post 287
- Congregation Tifferith Israel of Brooklyn – Cemetery #5, Post 517
- Dobromiler Sick & Benevolent Society, Cemetery #2
- Erster Dobromiler Kranken Unt. Verein – Cemetery #2, Post 194
- First Brodier B'nai B'rith Congregation – Cemetery #2, Post 190
- First Rumanian-American Brotherhood Lodge #13 (AOAS)
- Greidinger Phodoler Unterst. Verein – Cemetery #4, Post 447
- Palestine Lodge – Cemetery #1, Post 71, I.O.S.B.
- Rumanian-American Benevolent Society
- United Wilner Benevolent Association – established on December 24, 1888
- Willner Brother Benevolent Association (also Miskan Bezslel Anshe Wilner)
- Romenar Benevolent Association
Notable burials
- Barney Bernard (1877–1924) – actor
- David Blaustein (1866–1912) – educator, rabbi, and social worker
- Joseph Edelstein (1858–1940) – Yiddish Theater theatrical manager and theater owner and director
- Pauline Edelstein (1866–1942) – Yiddish theatre actress and wife of Joseph Edelstein
- Mark Goldberg (1878–1926) – New York State assemblyman, 1907–1919
- Abraham Goldfaden (1840–1908) – Yiddish playwright, poet, composer, stage director, actor and producer
- Jacob Gordin (1853–1909) – Yiddish playwright
- Louis B. Heller (1905–1993) – U.S. Congressman
- Moses Horowitz (1844–1910) – Yiddish actor and playwright
- Mike Jacobs (1880–1953) – boxing promoter
- David Kessler (1860–1920) – actor
- Philip Klein (1849–1926) – rabbi
- Alexander Lambert (1863–1929) – pianist and piano teacher
- Sigmund Mogulesko (1858–1914) – Yiddish actor, comedian, singer, director and composer
- John Paley (1871–1907) – Yiddish journalist, writer, newspaper editor
- Regina Prager (1866–1949) – Yiddish Theatre "Prima Donna," actress and opera singer
- Herman Rosenthal (?–1912) – gambler and bookmaker, murdered by gangsters in a conspiracy for complaining to the press about dirty police extorting too much from his illegal gambling business
- Jerry Sterner (1938–2001) – playwright
- Abner Tannenbaum (1848–1913) – Yiddish writer and journalist
- Lilyan Tashman (1899–1934) – actress
- "Big" Jack Zelig (1888–1912), a Jewish-American New York City gangster and one of the last leaders of the Eastman Gang
- Eliakum Zunser (1836–1913) – Yiddish poet and songwriter
References
- ^ The Leonard Manual of the Cemeteries of New York and Vicinity. New York: J.H. Leonard. 1901. pp. 90–91. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
- ^ "Scarce Brooklyn Cemeteries", The Brooklyn Ink, March 28, 2011
- ^ James Arlington Bennett ... founder of Washington Cemetery at Find a Grave
- ^ "Horror Show: Vandals target Washington Cemetery, toppling 200 headstones". New York Post. December 21, 2010.
- ^ "Bielsker Bruderlicher Unterstitzungs Verein – JewishGen ShtetLinks". kehilalinks.jewishgen.org.
- ^ "Mark Goldberg, Ex-Legislator, Dies – Representative of Fourteenth District for Thirteen Consecutive Terms – Sponsored Blue-Sky Law – Lawyer Also Fought for Lower Telephone Rates – A Native of This City and 48 Years Old". New York Times. November 22, 1926. p. 26. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
- ^ "Throng At Goldberg Services". New York Times. November 24, 1926. p. 23. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
- ^ "75,000 At Poet's Burial – East Side Streets Thronged with Mourners for Abraham Goldfaden". New York Times. January 11, 1908. p. 1. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
- ^ French, Mary (April 13, 2016). "Washington Cemetery". nycemetery.wordpress.com. New York City Cemetery Project.
- ^ "1,500 At Dramatist's Burial – Hebrew Actors' Union Honors Moses Horowitz, Prolific Playwright". New York Times. March 7, 1910. p. 9. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
- ^ "David Kessler Dies; Noted Yiddish Actor – Stricken While Acting Role in a Tolstoy Play, His Death Follows an Operation". New York Times. May 15, 1920. p. 15. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
- ^ "Services for Dr. Klein" (PDF). The New York Times. Vol. LXXV, no. 24895. New York. March 23, 1926. p. 27.
- ^ "Lambert Funeral Today – Heifetz and Hofmann to Play Duets at Services for Pianist". New York Times. January 2, 1930. p. 20. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
- ^ "Yiddish Comedian Dead – Body of Sigmund Mogulesko, Popular on East Side, In Actors' Club". New York Times. February 5, 1914. p. 9. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
- ^ "Jewish Editor Found Dead". The Sun. Vol. LXXXV, no. 115. New York. December 24, 1907. p. 10 – via Chronicling America.
- ^ "Besiege Rosenthal Funeral – Petty Gamblers Flock to Burial of Murdered Informer". New York Times. July 19, 1912. p. 2. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
- ^ "East Side Mourns Zunser – Reserves of Two Precincts Called to Order the Poet's Funeral". New York Times. September 25, 1913. p. 6. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
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