Yadong
Yadong County is coextensive with the Chumbi valley that extends south into the Himalayas between Sikkim and Bhutan. It shares boundaries with both India and Bhutan. It covers about 4,306 square kilometers with a population of 10,000. Its headquarters is Yatung (also called Shasima).
Geography
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| Yadong County | |||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 亚东县 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 亞東縣 | ||||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 卓木县 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 卓木縣 | ||||||||
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| Second alternative Chinese name | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 绰莫县 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 綽莫縣 | ||||||||
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| Tibetan name | |||||||||
| Tibetan | གྲོ་མོ་རྫོང༌། | ||||||||
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The Yadong County mainly consists of the Chumbi Valley, called Dromo/Tromo in Tibetan. The valley is bordered by Dongkya Range in the west and Massong-Chungdung range in the east. (See map.) Two rivers Khambu Machu and Tromo Chu arise within the valley and join at the town of Yatung. The joint river is known in English by its Bhutanese name Amo Chu. (Tibetans continue to call it Khambu Machu.)
The town of Yatung (also called Shasima), is the headquarters of the county. It is close to the borders of both the Indian state of Sikkim and also Bhutan. In 1986, it was reported to have had a hotel, a guest house, some government offices and army barracks. Yadong is connected to the Indian state of Sikkim via the Nathu La pass.
Local specialities include Dromo fish and barley wine while the main tourist sites are Donggar Monastery, Kagyu Monastery and Khangbu Hotspring.
As part of the China Western Development strategy, the Chinese government planned to extend the Qinghai–Tibet Railway from Lhasa to Yatung.
History
According to the Convention of Calcutta of 1890–94 signed by Great Britain and Qing dynasty China, the market at Old Yatung was opened to India in the valley coming down from the Jelep La pass. At that time there was a wall-like structure across the valley's stream extending part way up each side of the valley thus blocking the road to the interior of the county. This was a demarcation line that the British subjects were forbidden to cross. It was manned by 20 Tibetan soldiers under a sergeant along with three Chinese officials. The construction of the wall was reported to be one of the reasons that led to the British expedition to Tibet in 1904. According to the resulting Convention of Lhasa, a British trade-agent was to be stationed at "Yatung". The British picked the location of the present Yatung town for the trade agency. (Two more trade agencies were also located at Gyantse and Gartok as part of the same Convention.)
Administrative divisions
Yadong County administers the following two towns and five townships:
| Name | Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | ||||||
| Shasima Town (Yatung) |
下司马镇 | Xiàsīmǎ zhèn | ཤར་གསིང་མ་གྲོང་རྡལ། | shar gsing ma grong rdal | ||
| Phari Town | 帕里镇 | Pàlǐ zhèn | ཕག་རི་གྲོང་རྡལ། | phag ri grong rdal | ||
| Townships | ||||||
| Dromomey Township (Xiayadong, Xia Yadong, Lower Yadong) |
下亚东乡 | Xiàyàdōng xiāng | གྲོ་མོ་སྨད་ཤང་། | gro mo smad shang | ||
| Dromotod Township (Shangyadong, Shang Yadong, Upper Yadong) |
上亚东乡 | Shàngyàdōng xiāng | གྲོ་མོ་སྟོད་ཤང་། | gro mo stod shang | ||
| Khambu Township | 康布乡 | Kāngbù xiāng | ཁམ་བུ་ཤང་། | kham pu shang | ||
| Tuna Township | 堆纳乡 | Duīnà xiāng | དུད་སྣ་ཤང་། | dud sna shang | ||
| Jiru Township | 吉汝乡 | Jírǔ xiāng | སྒེར་རུ་ཤང་། | sger ru shang | ||
Climate
| Climate data for Yadong, elevation 2,985 m (9,793 ft) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
12.1 (53.8) |
15.0 (59.0) |
17.2 (63.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
18.8 (65.8) |
17.7 (63.9) |
15.6 (60.1) |
11.6 (52.9) |
8.8 (47.8) |
14.2 (57.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
1.3 (34.3) |
4.4 (39.9) |
8.0 (46.4) |
11.1 (52.0) |
13.6 (56.5) |
15.0 (59.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
13.0 (55.4) |
8.8 (47.8) |
4.1 (39.4) |
1.1 (34.0) |
7.9 (46.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.9 (17.8) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
1.1 (34.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
10.0 (50.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
1.6 (34.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 15.0 (0.59) |
48.0 (1.89) |
63.0 (2.48) |
99.0 (3.90) |
107.0 (4.21) |
119.0 (4.69) |
130.0 (5.12) |
117.0 (4.61) |
102.0 (4.02) |
53.0 (2.09) |
18.0 (0.71) |
5.0 (0.20) |
876 (34.51) |
| Source: FAO | |||||||||||||
See also
References
- ^ "日喀则市第七次全国人口普查主要数据公报" (in Chinese). Government of Xigazê. 2021-07-20.
- ^ BDRCཨང་། (G2172), Buddhist Tibetan Resource Centre, retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^ Goldstein, Melvyn C. (2001), The New Tibetan-English Dictionary of Modern Tibetan, Univ of California Press, p. 204, ISBN 978-0-520-20437-9
- ^ Croddy, E. (2022). China's Provinces and Populations: A Chronological and Geographical Survey. Springer International Publishing. p. 698. ISBN 978-3-031-09165-0. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
- ^ Buckley, Michael and Strauss, Robert. Tibet: a travel survival kit, p. 163. (1986) Lonely Planet Publications, Victoria, Australia. ISBN 0-908086-88-1.
- ^ Extension plans. Retrieved June 28, 2006
- ^ Sandberg, Graham (1901). An Itinerary of the Route from Sikkim to Lhasa. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press. p. 7.
- ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Yatung". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 908.
- ^ 2020年统计用区划代码（亚东县） [2020 Statistical Division Codes (Yadong County)] (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2021-10-10.
- ^ "World-wide Agroclimatic Data of FAO (FAOCLIM)". Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
External links
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