The commune is located in the north of the Allier department. It is the fifth most populated commune in the Allier department, according to the 2021 census. It borders the commune of Moulins to the west and southwest.

By roads, Nevers is 57 km to the north, Bourges is 100 km to the northwest, Clermont-Ferrand is 106 km to the south-southwest, Mâcon is 133 km to the east, Beaune is 145 km to the northeast, Auxerre is 157 km away, and Lyon is 188 km to the southeast.

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 964 —     1800 2,803 +16.47% 1806 1,322 −11.77% 1821 1,642 +1.46% 1831 1,886 +1.40% 1836 2,060 +1.78% 1841 2,475 +3.74% 1846 2,610 +1.07% 1851 2,988 +2.74% 1856 3,240 +1.63% 1861 3,291 +0.31% 1866 3,585 +1.73% 1872 3,850 +1.20% 1876 4,195 +2.17% 1881 4,164 −0.15% 1886 4,464 +1.40% 1891 5,289 +3.45% 1896 5,703 +1.52%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 5,960 +0.89% 1906 6,133 +0.57% 1911 6,539 +1.29% 1921 6,084 −0.72% 1926 6,237 +0.50% 1931 7,035 +2.44% 1936 7,573 +1.48% 1946 8,186 +0.78% 1954 8,374 +0.28% 1962 10,000 +2.24% 1968 11,665 +2.60% 1975 13,715 +2.34% 1982 13,197 −0.55% 1990 13,461 +0.25% 1999 12,696 −0.65% 2009 12,867 +0.13% 2014 13,069 +0.31% 2020 12,701 −0.47%
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Source: EHESS (1793–1999) and INSEE

Yzeure is twinned with:

• Bendorf, Germany
• Gherla, Romania
• Kafountine, Senegal

• Communes of the Allier department
• AS Yzeure

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