21 July
July 21 is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 163 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
- 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
- 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the first pope to resign his office.
- 285 – Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar and co-ruler.
- 365 – The 365 Crete earthquake affected the Greek island of Crete with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing a destructive tsunami that affects the coasts of Libya and Egypt, especially Alexandria. Many thousands are killed.
- 905 – King Berengar I of Italy and a hired Hungarian army defeats the Frankish forces at Verona. King Louis III is captured and blinded for breaking his oath (see 902).
- 1242 – Battle of Taillebourg: Louis IX of France puts an end to the revolt of his vassals Henry III of England and Hugh X of Lusignan.
- 1403 – Battle of Shrewsbury: King Henry IV of England defeats rebels to the north of the county town of Shropshire, England.
- 1545 – The first landing of French troops on the coast of the Isle of Wight during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight.
- 1568 – Eighty Years' War: Battle of Jemmingen: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva defeats Louis of Nassau.
1601–1900
- 1645 – Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus.
- 1656 – The Raid on Málaga takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War.
- 1674 – A Dutch assault on the French island of Martinique is repulsed against all odds.
- 1718 – The Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and the Republic of Venice is signed.
- 1774 – Russo-Turkish War (1768–74): Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ending the war.
- 1798 – French campaign in Egypt and Syria: Napoleon's forces defeat an Ottoman-Mamluk army near Cairo in the Battle of the Pyramids.
- 1831 – Inauguration of Leopold I of Belgium, first king of the Belgians.
- 1861 – American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army.
- 1865 – In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first western showdown.
- 1873 – At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West.
- 1877 – After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of nine rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia.
1901–present
- 1904 – Louis Rigolly, a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the 100 mph (161 km/h) barrier on land. He drove a 15-liter Gobron-Brillié in Ostend, Belgium.
- 1907 – The passenger steamer SS Columbia sinks after colliding with the steam schooner San Pedro off Shelter Cove, California, killing 88 people.
- 1919 – The dirigible Wingfoot Air Express crashes into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago, killing 12 people.
- 1920 – The "Belfast Pogrom" begins two years of violence with the expulsion of thousands of Catholic shipyard, factory and linen mill workers from their jobs.
- 1925 – Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, high school biology teacher John T. Scopes is found guilty of teaching human evolution in class and fined $100.
- 1925 – Malcolm Campbell becomes the first man to exceed 150 mph (241 km/h) on land. At Pendine Sands in Wales, he drives Sunbeam 350HP built by Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of 150.33 mph (242 km/h).
- 1936 – Spanish Civil War: The Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia is constituted, establishing an anarcho-syndicalist economy in Catalonia.
- 1944 – World War II: Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam, starting a battle that will end on August 10.
- 1944 – World War II: Claus von Stauffenberg and four fellow conspirators are executed for the July 20 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
- 1949 – The United States Senate ratifies the North Atlantic Treaty.
- 1951 – Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 3505 disappears while flying from Vancouver to Tokyo. The aircraft and its 37 occupants are never found.
- 1952 – The 7.3 Mw Kern County earthquake strikes Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing 12 and injuring hundreds.
- 1954 – First Indochina War: The Geneva Conference partitions Vietnam into North Vietnam and South Vietnam.
- 1959 – NS Savannah, the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship, is launched as a showcase for Dwight D. Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" initiative.
- 1959 – Elijah Jerry "Pumpsie" Green becomes the first African-American to play for the Boston Red Sox, the last team to integrate. He came in as a pinch runner for Vic Wertz and stayed in as shortstop in a 2–1 loss to the Chicago White Sox.
- 1960 – Sirimavo Bandaranaike is elected Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, becoming the world's first female head of government
- 1961 – Mercury program: Mercury-Redstone 4 Mission: Gus Grissom piloting Liberty Bell 7 becomes the second American to go into space (in a suborbital mission).
- 1961 – Alaska Airlines Flight 779 crashes near Shemya Air Force Base in Shemya, Alaska killing six.
- 1964 – A series of racial riots break out in Singapore. In the next six weeks, 23 die with 454 others injured.
- 1969 – Apollo program: At 02:56 UTC, astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to walk on the Moon, followed 19 minutes later by Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin.
- 1970 – After 11 years of construction, the Aswan High Dam in Egypt is completed.
- 1972 – The Troubles: Bloody Friday: The Provisional IRA detonate 22 bombs in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom in the space of 80 minutes, killing nine and injuring 130.
- 1973 – In Lillehammer, Norway, Mossad agents kill a waiter whom they mistakenly thought was involved in the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre.
- 1976 – Christopher Ewart-Biggs, the British ambassador to the Republic of Ireland, is assassinated by the Provisional IRA.
- 1977 – The start of the four-day-long Libyan–Egyptian War.
- 1979 – Jay Silverheels, a Mohawk actor, becomes the first Native American to have a star commemorated in the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
- 1983 – The world's lowest temperature in an inhabited location is recorded at Vostok Station, Antarctica at −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F).
- 1990 – Taiwan's military police forces mainland Chinese illegal immigrants into sealed holds of a fishing boat Min Ping Yu No. 5540 for repatriation to Fujian, causing 25 people to die from suffocation.
- 1995 – Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: The People's Liberation Army begins firing missiles into the waters north of Taiwan.
- 2001 – At the conclusion of a fireworks display on Okura Beach in Akashi, Hyōgo, Japan, 11 people are killed and more than 120 are injured when a pedestrian footbridge connecting the beach to JR Asagiri Station becomes overcrowded and people leaving the event fall down in a domino effect.
- 2005 – Four attempted bomb attacks by Islamist extremists disrupt part of London's public transport system.
- 2008 – Ram Baran Yadav is declared the first President of Nepal.
- 2010 – President Barack Obama signs the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
- 2011 – NASA's Space Shuttle program ends with the landing of Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-135 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center.
- 2012 – Erden Eruç completes the first solo human-powered circumnavigation of the world.
- 2019 – Yuen Long attack or "721 incident" in Hong Kong. Triad members indiscriminately beat civilians returning from protests while police failed to take action.
- 2023 – The Barbenheimer phenomenon begins as two major motion pictures, Greta Gerwig's fantasy comedy Barbie and Christopher Nolan's epic biographical thriller Oppenheimer, are released in theaters on the same day and audiences, instead of creating a rivalry between the extremely dissimilar films, instead attend and praise both as an informal, surreal double feature.
- 2024 – US President Joe Biden announces he will no longer seek a second term and withdraws from the 2024 election.
Births
Pre-1600
- 541 – Emperor Wen of Sui, emperor of the Sui dynasty (d. 604)
- 1030 – Kyansittha, King of Burma (d. 1112)
- 1414 – Pope Sixtus IV (d. 1484)
- 1462 – Queen Jeonghyeon, Korean royal consort (d. 1530)
- 1476 – Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara (d. 1534)
- 1476 – Anna Sforza, Italian noble (d. 1497)
- 1535 – García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete, Royal Governor of Chile (d. 1609)
1601–1900
- 1616 – Anna de' Medici, Archduchess of Austria (d. 1676)
- 1620 – Jean Picard, French astronomer (d. 1682)
- 1648 – John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee, Scottish general (d. 1689)
- 1654 – Pedro Calungsod, Filipino catechist and sacristan; later canonized (d. 1672)
- 1664 – Matthew Prior, English poet and diplomat, British Ambassador to France (d. 1721)
- 1693 – Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, English politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1768)
- 1710 – Paul Möhring, German physician, botanist, and zoologist (d. 1792)
- 1783 – Charles Tristan, marquis de Montholon, French general (d. 1853)
- 1808 – Simion Bărnuțiu, Romanian historian, academic, and politician (d. 1864)
- 1810 – Henri Victor Regnault, French chemist and physicist (d. 1878)
- 1811 – Robert Mackenzie, Scottish-Australian politician, 3rd Premier of Queensland (d. 1873)
- 1816 – Paul Reuter, German-English journalist, founded Reuters (d. 1899)
- 1858 – Maria Christina of Austria (d. 1929)
- 1858 – Lovis Corinth, German painter (d. 1925)
- 1858 – Alfred Henry O'Keeffe, New Zealand painter and educator (d. 1941)
- 1863 – C. Aubrey Smith, English-American cricketer and actor (d. 1948)
- 1866 – Carlos Schwabe, Swiss Symbolist painter and printmaker (d. 1926)
- 1870 – Emil Orlík, Czech painter, etcher, and lithographer (d. 1932)
- 1875 – Charles Gondouin, French rugby player and tug of war competitor (d. 1947)
- 1880 – Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Slovak astronomer, general, and politician (d. 1919)
- 1882 – David Burliuk, Ukrainian author and illustrator (d. 1967)
- 1885 – Jacques Feyder, Belgian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1948)
- 1891 – Julius Saaristo, Finnish javelin thrower and soldier (d. 1969)
- 1893 – Hans Fallada, German author (d. 1947)
- 1896 – Sophie Bledsoe Aberle, American anthropologist, physician and nutritionist (d. 1996)
- 1898 – Sara Carter, American singer-songwriter (d. 1979)
- 1899 – Hart Crane, American poet (d. 1932)
- 1899 – Ernest Hemingway, American novelist, short story writer, and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)
- 1900 – Isadora Bennett, American theatre manager and modern dance publicity agent (d. 1980)
1901–present
- 1903 – Russell Lee, American photographer and journalist (d. 1986)
- 1903 – Roy Neuberger, American businessman and financier, co-founded Neuberger Berman (d. 2010)
- 1908 – Jug McSpaden, American golfer and architect (d. 1996)
- 1911 – Marshall McLuhan, Canadian author and theorist (d. 1980)
- 1911 – Umashankar Joshi, Indian author, poet, and scholar (d. 1988)
- 1914 – Aleksander Kreek, Estonian shot putter and discus thrower (d. 1977)
- 1917 – Alan B. Gold, Canadian lawyer and jurist (d. 2005)
- 1920 – Constant Nieuwenhuys, Dutch painter, sculptor, and illustrator (d. 2005)
- 1920 – Isaac Stern, Russian-American violinist and conductor (d. 2001)
- 1920 – Jean Daniel, Algerian-French journalist and author (d. 2020)
- 1921 – James Cooke Brown, American sociologist and author (d. 2000)
- 1921 – John Horsley, English actor (d. 2014)
- 1921 – Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa, Zulu sangoma (d. 2020)
- 1922 – Philomena Franz, German Romani author (d. 2022)
- 1922 – Kay Starr, American singer (d. 2016)
- 1922 – Mollie Sugden, English actress (d. 2009)
- 1923 – Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1923 – Queenie Watts, English actress and singer (d. 1980)
- 1924 – Don Knotts, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter (d. 2006)
- 1925 – Johnny Peirson, Canadian hockey player (d. 2021)
- 1926 – Paul Burke, American actor (d. 2009)
- 1926 – Norman Jewison, Canadian actor, director, and producer (d. 2024)
- 1926 – Rahimuddin Khan, Pakistani general and politician, 7th Governor of Balochistan (d. 2022)
- 1926 – Bill Pertwee, English actor (d. 2013)
- 1926 – Karel Reisz, Czech-English director and producer (d. 2002)
- 1928 – Sky Low Low, Canadian wrestler (d. 1998)
- 1929 – Bob Orton, American wrestler (d. 2006)
- 1930 – Anand Bakshi, Indian poet and songwriter (d. 2002)
- 1930 – Helen Merrill, American singer
- 1931 – Sonny Clark, American pianist and composer (d. 1963)
- 1931 – Plas Johnson, American saxophonist
- 1931 – Leon Schidlowsky, Chilean-Israeli painter and composer (d. 2022)
- 1932 – Kaye Stevens, American singer and actress (d. 2011)
- 1933 – John Gardner, American novelist, essayist, and critic (d. 1982)
- 1934 – Chandu Borde, Indian cricketer and manager
- 1934 – Jonathan Miller, English actor, director, and author (d. 2019)
- 1935 – Norbert Blüm, German businessman and politician (d. 2020)
- 1935 – Moe Drabowsky, Polish-American baseball player and coach (d. 2006)
- 1937 – Eduard Streltsov, Soviet footballer (d. 1990)
- 1938 – Les Aspin, American captain and politician, 18th United States Secretary of Defense (d. 1995)
- 1938 – Anton Kuerti, Austrian-Canadian pianist, composer, and conductor
- 1938 – Janet Reno, American lawyer and politician, 79th United States Attorney General (d. 2016)
- 1939 – Jamey Aebersold, American saxophonist and educator
- 1939 – Kim Fowley, American singer-songwriter, producer, and manager (d. 2015)
- 1939 – John Negroponte, English-American diplomat, 23rd United States Ambassador to the United Nations
- 1942 – Mallikarjun Kharge, Indian politician, 98th President of the Indian National Congress
- 1943 – Fritz Glatz, Austrian race car driver (d. 2002)
- 1943 – Edward Herrmann, American actor (d. 2014)
- 1943 – Henry McCullough, Northern Irish guitarist, singer and songwriter (d. 2016)
- 1943 – Robert Shrum, American author and political advisor
- 1944 – John Atta Mills, Ghanaian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Ghana (d. 2012)
- 1944 – Buchi Emecheta, Nigerian author and academic (d. 2017)
- 1944 – Paul Wellstone, American academic and politician (d. 2002)
- 1945 – Wendy Cope, English poet, critic, and educator
- 1945 – Geoff Dymock, Australian cricketer
- 1945 – Barry Richards, South African cricketer
- 1946 – Ken Starr, American lawyer and judge, 39th Solicitor General of the United States (d. 2022)
- 1946 – Timothy Harris, American author, screenwriter and producer
- 1947 – Chetan Chauhan, Indian cricketer and politician (d. 2020)
- 1948 – Art Hindle, Canadian actor and director
- 1948 – Cat Stevens, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1948 – Garry Trudeau, American cartoonist
- 1949 – Christina Hart, American playwright and actress
- 1949 – Hirini Melbourne, New Zealand singer-songwriter and poet (d. 2003)
- 1950 – Ubaldo Fillol, Argentinian footballer and coach
- 1950 – Susan Kramer, Baroness Kramer, English politician, Minister of State for Transport
- 1951 – Richard Gozney, English politician and diplomat, 30th Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man, 139th Governor of Bermuda
- 1951 – Robin Williams, American actor and comedian (d. 2014)
- 1952 – John Barrasso, American physician and politician
- 1952 – Ahmad Husni Hanadzlah, Malaysian economist
- 1953 – Eric Bazilian, American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, arranger, and producer
- 1953 – Jeff Fatt, Australian keyboard player and actor
- 1953 – Bernie Fraser, New Zealand rugby player
- 1953 – Brian Talbot, English footballer and manager
- 1955 – Howie Epstein, American bass player, songwriter, and producer (d. 2003)
- 1955 – Dannel Malloy, American lawyer and politician, 88th Governor of Connecticut
- 1955 – Taco, Indonesian-born Dutch singer and entertainer
- 1955 – Béla Tarr, Hungarian director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1956 – Michael Connelly, American author
- 1957 – Stefan Löfven, Swedish trade union leader and politician, 33rd Prime Minister of Sweden
- 1957 – Jon Lovitz, American comedian, actor, and producer
- 1958 – Dave Henderson, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2015)
- 1959 – Gene Miles, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
- 1959 – Reha Muhtar, Turkish journalist
- 1959 – Paul Vautin, Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster
- 1960 – Amar Singh Chamkila, Indian singer-songwriter (d. 1988)
- 1960 – Veselin Matić, Serbian basketball player and coach
- 1960 – Fritz Walter, German footballer
- 1961 – Morris Iemma, Australian politician, 40th Premier of New South Wales
- 1961 – Jim Martin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1962 – Victor Adebowale, Baron Adebowale, English businessman
- 1963 – Kevin Poole, English footballer and manager
- 1963 – Giant Silva, Brazilian basketball player, mixed martial artist, and wrestler
- 1964 – Steve Collins, Irish boxer and actor
- 1964 – Ross Kemp, English actor and producer
- 1964 – Jens Weißflog, German ski jumper and journalist
- 1965 – Guðni Bergsson, Icelandic footballer and lawyer
- 1965 – Mike Bordick, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster
- 1966 – Arija Bareikis, American actress
- 1966 – Sarah Waters, Welsh author
- 1968 – Brandi Chastain, American soccer player and sportscaster
- 1968 – Aditya Srivastava, Indian actor
- 1968 – Lyle Odelein, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1969 – Godfrey, American comedian and actor
- 1969 – Klaus Graf, German race car driver
- 1969 – Emerson Hart, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
- 1969 – Isabell Werth, German equestrian
- 1970 – Michael Fitzpatrick, American singer-songwriter
- 1971 – Emmanuel Bangué, French long jumper
- 1971 – Charlotte Gainsbourg, English-French actress and singer
- 1971 – Nitzan Shirazi, Israeli footballer and manager (d. 2014)
- 1972 – Kimera Bartee, American baseball player (d. 2021)
- 1972 – Korey Cooper, American singer and guitarist
- 1972 – Catherine Ndereba, Kenyan marathon runner
- 1974 – Geoff Jenkins, American baseball player and coach
- 1974 – René Reinumägi, Estonian actor, director, and screenwriter
- 1975 – Christopher Barzak, American author and educator
- 1975 – David Dastmalchian, American actor
- 1975 – Cara Dillon, Irish singer-songwriter
- 1975 – Ravindra Pushpakumara, Sri Lankan cricketer
- 1975 – Mike Sellers, American football player
- 1976 – Cori Bush, American politician
- 1976 – Jalmari Helander, Finnish film director and screenwriter
- 1976 – Jaime Murray, English actress
- 1977 – Paul Casey, English golfer
- 1978 – Justin Bartha, American actor
- 1978 – Anderson da Silva Gibin, Brazilian footballer
- 1978 – Josh Hartnett, American actor
- 1978 – Julian Huppert, English academic and politician
- 1978 – Damian Marley, Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer
- 1978 – Gary Teale, Scottish footballer
- 1979 – David Carr, American football player
- 1979 – Tamika Catchings, American basketball player
- 1979 – Luis Ernesto Michel, Mexican footballer
- 1979 – Andriy Voronin, Ukrainian footballer
- 1980 – Jon Dorenbos, American football player
- 1980 – Justin Griffith, American football player
- 1980 – Sandra Laoura, French skier
- 1980 – CC Sabathia, American baseball player
- 1980 – Yvonne Sampson, Australian journalist and sportscaster
- 1980 – Heath Scotland, Australian rules footballer
- 1981 – Paloma Faith, English singer-songwriter and actress
- 1981 – Anabelle Langlois, Canadian figure skater
- 1981 – Joaquín, Spanish footballer
- 1981 – Blake Lewis, American musician, American Idol contestant
- 1981 – Romeo Santos, American singer-songwriter
- 1981 – Stefan Schumacher, German cyclist
- 1982 – Jason Cram, Australian swimmer
- 1982 – Mao Kobayashi, Japanese newscaster and actress (d. 2017)
- 1983 – Kellen Winslow II, American football player
- 1984 – Jurrick Juliana, Dutch footballer
- 1984 – Liam Ridgewell, English footballer
- 1985 – Mati Lember, Estonian footballer
- 1985 – Von Wafer, American basketball player
- 1986 – Anthony Annan, Ghanaian footballer
- 1986 – Rebecca Ferguson, American-English singer-songwriter
- 1986 – Jason Thompson, American basketball player
- 1987 – Peter Doocy, American journalist
- 1987 – Bilel Mohsni, French footballer
- 1987 – Jesús Zavala, Mexican footballer
- 1988 – KB, American rapper
- 1988 – DeAndre Jordan, American basketball player
- 1988 – Chris Mitchell, Scottish footballer (d. 2016)
- 1989 – Rory Culkin, American actor
- 1989 – Marco Fabián, Mexican footballer
- 1989 – Juno Temple, English actress
- 1989 – Jamie Waylett, British actor
- 1990 – Franck Elemba, Congolese athlete
- 1990 – Chris Martin, English footballer
- 1990 – Jason Roy, South African-English cricketer
- 1990 – Erislandy Savón, Cuban amateur heavyweight boxer
- 1991 – Sara Sampaio, Portuguese model
- 1992 – Jude Adjei-Barimah, Italian-American football player
- 1992 – Jessica Barden, English actress
- 1992 – Julia Beljajeva, Estonian épée fencer
- 1992 – Burak Çelik, Turkish actor and model
- 1992 – Da$H, American rapper
- 1992 – Giovanni De Gennaro, Italian slalom canoeist
- 1992 – Charlotte de Witte, Belgian DJ and record producer
- 1992 – Dawid Dryja, Polish volleyball player
- 1992 – Rachael Flatt, American figure skater
- 1992 – Marcus Harris, Australian cricketer
- 1992 – Jonathon Jennings, American Canadian football player
- 1992 – Dante Marini, American soccer player
- 1992 – Henry Owens, American baseball pitcher
- 1992 – Andrew Rayel, Moldovan DJ and producer
- 1992 – Yuka Sato, Japanese javelin thrower
- 1992 – Miles Ukaoma, American-born Nigerian hurdler
- 1996 – Mikael Ingebrigtsen, Norwegian footballer
- 1998 – Marie Bouzkova, Czech tennis player
- 1999 – Evan McPherson, American football player
- 2000 – Erling Haaland, Norwegian footballer
- 2006 – Endrick, Brazilian footballer
Deaths
Pre-1600
- 658 – K'an II, Mayan ruler (b. 588)
- 710 – Li Guo'er, princess of the Tang dynasty
- 710 – Wei, empress of the Tang dynasty
- 710 – Shangguan Wan'er, Chinese poet (b. 664)
- 987 – Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou
- 1259 – Gojong of Goryeo
- 1403 – Henry Percy, English soldier (b. 1364)
- 1403 – Sir Walter Blount, English soldier, standard-bearer of Henry IV
- 1403 – Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford, English soldier
- 1425 – Manuel II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1350)
- 1552 – Antonio de Mendoza, Spanish politician, 1st Viceroy of New Spain (b. 1495)
1601–1900
- 1688 – James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1610)
- 1793 – Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux, French admiral, explorer, and politician (b. 1739)
- 1796 – Robert Burns, Scottish poet and songwriter (b. 1759)
- 1798 – François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, Austrian field marshal (b. 1733)
- 1798 – Anthony Perry, Irish rebel leader (b. ca. 1760)
- 1868 – William Bland, Australian surgeon and politician (b. 1789)
- 1878 – Sam Bass, American outlaw (b. 1851)
- 1880 – Hiram Walden, American general and politician (b. 1800)
- 1889 – Nelson Dewey, American lawyer and politician, 1st Governor of Wisconsin (b. 1813)
- 1899 – Robert G. Ingersoll, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (b. 1833)
1901–present
- 1920 – Fiammetta Wilson, English astronomer and educator (b. 1864)
- 1928 – Ellen Terry, English actress (b. 1847)
- 1932 – Bill Gleason, American baseball player (b. 1858)
- 1938 – Owen Wister, American lawyer and author (b. 1860)
- 1941 – Bohdan Lepky, Ukrainian poet and scholar (b. 1872)
- 1943 – Charley Paddock, American runner and actor (b. 1900)
- 1943 – Louis Vauxcelles, French art critic (b. 1870)
- 1944 – Claus von Stauffenberg, German soldier (b. 1907)
- 1946 – Gualberto Villarroel, Bolivian soldier and politician, 45th President of Bolivia (b. 1908)
- 1948 – Arshile Gorky, Armenian-American painter and illustrator (b. 1904)
- 1952 – Pedro Lascuráin, Mexican politician, president for 45 minutes on February 13, 1913. (b. 1856)
- 1966 – Philipp Frank, Austrian-American physicist, mathematician, and philosopher, Vienna Circle member (b. 1884)
- 1967 – Jimmie Foxx, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1907)
- 1967 – Albert Lutuli, South African academic and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898)
- 1967 – Basil Rathbone, South African-American actor and singer (b. 1892)
- 1968 – Ruth St. Denis, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1878)
- 1970 – Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gerasimov, Russian anthropologist and sculptor (b. 1907)
- 1970 – Bob Kalsu, American football player and lieutenant (b. 1945)
- 1972 – Ralph Craig, American sprinter and sailor (b. 1889)
- 1972 – Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, Bhutanese king (b. 1928)
- 1977 – Lee Miller, American model and photographer (b. 1907)
- 1982 – Dave Garroway, American journalist and actor (b. 1913)
- 1991 – Paul Warwick, English race car driver (b. 1969)
- 1994 – Marijac, French author and illustrator (b. 1908)
- 1997 – Olaf Kopvillem, Estonian-Canadian conductor and composer (b. 1926)
- 1998 – Alan Shepard, American admiral, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1923)
- 1998 – Robert Young, American actor and singer (b. 1907)
- 2000 – Marc Reisner, American environmentalist and author (b. 1948)
- 2002 – Esphyr Slobodkina, Russian-American author and illustrator (b. 1908)
- 2003 – John Davies, English-New Zealand runner and coach (b. 1938)
- 2004 – Jerry Goldsmith, American composer and conductor (b. 1929)
- 2004 – Edward B. Lewis, American geneticist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
- 2005 – Long John Baldry, English-Canadian singer and actor (b. 1941)
- 2005 – Lord Alfred Hayes, English-American wrestler and manager (b. 1928)
- 2006 – Mako Iwamatsu, Japanese-American actor and singer (b. 1933)
- 2006 – Ta Mok, Cambodian soldier and monk (b. 1926)
- 2007 – Dubravko Škiljan, Croatian linguist and academic (b. 1949)
- 2008 – Donald Stokes, English businessman (b. 1914)
- 2010 – Luis Corvalán, Chilean educator and politician (b. 1916)
- 2010 – Ralph Houk, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1919)
- 2010 – John E. Irving, Canadian businessman (b. 1932)
- 2012 – Alexander Cockburn, Scottish-American journalist and author (b. 1941)
- 2012 – Marie Kruckel, American baseball player (b. 1924)
- 2012 – Ali Podrimja, Albanian poet and author (b. 1942)
- 2012 – James D. Ramage, American admiral and pilot (b. 1916)
- 2012 – Angharad Rees, English-b. Welsh actress (b. 1944)
- 2012 – Don Wilson, English cricketer and coach (b. 1937)
- 2013 – Andrea Antonelli, Italian motorcycle racer (b. 1988)
- 2013 – Lourembam Brojeshori Devi, Indian martial artist (b. 1981)
- 2013 – Det de Beus, Dutch field hockey player (b. 1958)
- 2013 – Luis Fernando Rizo-Salom, Colombian-French composer and educator (b. 1971)
- 2013 – Fred Taylor, American football player and coach (b. 1920)
- 2014 – Louise Abeita, Isleta Pueblo (Native American) writer, poet, and educator (b. 1926)
- 2014 – Dan Borislow, American businessman, invented the magicJack (b. 1961)
- 2014 – Lettice Curtis, English engineer and pilot (b. 1915)
- 2014 – Hans-Peter Kaul, German lawyer and judge (b. 1943)
- 2014 – Rilwanu Lukman, Nigerian engineer and politician (b. 1938)
- 2014 – Kevin Skinner, New Zealand rugby player and boxer (b. 1927)
- 2015 – Robert Broberg, Swedish singer-songwriter (b. 1940)
- 2015 – E. L. Doctorow, American novelist, short story writer, and playwright (b. 1931)
- 2015 – Nicholas Gonzalez, American physician (b. 1947)
- 2015 – Czesław Marchaj, Polish-English sailor and academic (b. 1918)
- 2015 – Dick Nanninga, Dutch footballer (b. 1949)
- 2016 – Dennis Green, American football player and coach (b. 1949)
- 2017 – John Heard, American film and television actor (b. 1946)
- 2018 – Alene Duerk, U.S. Navy first female admiral (b. 1920)
- 2020 – Annie Ross, Scottish-American singer and actress (b. 1930)
- 2020 – Andrew Mlangeni, South African political activist (b. 1925)
- 2023 – Tony Bennett, American singer (b. 1926)
Holidays and observances
- Christian feast day:
- Liberation Day in 1944 (Guam)
- Belgian National Day (Belgium)
- Racial Harmony Day (Singapore)
- Summer Kazanskaya (Russia)
References
- ^ Previté Orton, p. 337. The Gest Berengarii and Constantine Porphyrogenitus' De administrando imperio both show Berengar as declaiming responsibility for Louis's blinding.
- ^ David F. Marley, P.279 Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere (2nd. ed., 2 vols., Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008)
- ^ Moore, Cormac (15 July 2020). "The eruption of sectarian violence in Belfast's shipyards during July 1920 would define Belfast's future". The Irish News. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "Blue Bird Celebrates 90th Anniversary - The National Motor Museum Trust". Archived from the original on 2016-04-06.
- ^ Garcia Oliver, Juan (July 1937). "Los organismos revolucionarios – El Comité Central de las Milicias Antifascistas de Cataluña". De Julio a Julio (in Spanish). Barcelona: CNT. p. 193.
- ^ Civil Aviation Authority 1974, p. 12/51
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-6A N6118C Shemya AFB, AK (SYA)". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
- ^ Cheng, Adeline Low Hwee (2001). "The past in the present: Memories of the 1964 'racial riots' in Singapore". Asian Journal of Social Science. 29 (3): 431–455. doi:10.1163/156853101X00181.
- ^ Champagne, Duane (2001). The Native North American Almanac. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. p. 75. ISBN 0787616559.
- ^ Sarah Lubman (August 3, 1990). "China: Taiwan set adrift 26 to die". UPI. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ "Barack Obama - Key Events | Miller Center". millercenter.org. 2016-10-07. Retrieved 2022-01-11.
- ^ "STS-135 Mission Information". NASA. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
- ^ "'Where were the police?' Hong Kong outcry after masked thugs launch attack". The Guardian. 22 July 2019. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
- ^ Romano, Aja (July 10, 2023). "Barbieheimer: It's black. It's pink. It's more meaningful than you think". Vox. Archived from the original on July 10, 2023. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
- ^ "Everything to know about Barbieheimer, the summer's hottest trend". EW.com. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
- ^ Williams, Michael (2024-07-21). "Biden drops out of the 2024 presidential race | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved 2024-07-21.
- ^ "Sixtus IV | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
- ^ Rippy, Frances Mayhew (11 February 2021). "Prior, Matthew (1664–1721), poet and diplomat". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22814. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "History of Thomas Pelham-Holles 1st Duke of Newcastle - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ^ Joyce, R. B. (1974). "Sir Robert Ramsay Mackenzie (1811–1873)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 5. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
- ^ Wintour, Charles; Loughlin-Chow, M. Clare (2004). "Reuter, (Paul) Julius de [formerly Israel Beer Josaphat], Baron de Reuter in the nobility of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1816–1899), news agency founder". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37890. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Makela, Maria (2003). "Corinth, Lovis". Oxford Art Online. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T019489.
- ^ Stephenson, William (February 2000). "Smith, C. Aubrey (1863-1948), actor". American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1801362. (subscription required)
- ^ Pařík, Arno (2003). "Orlik, Emil". Oxford Art Online. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T063863.
- ^ Tůmová, Adéla (2022). "The Collections of Milan Rastislav Štefánik and Bedřich Feuerstein in the Náprstek Museum". Annals of the Náprstek Museum. 43 (2): 87–106. doi:10.37520/anpm.2022.011.
- ^ Burleigh-Motley, Marian (2003). "Burlyuk, David". Oxford Art Online. doi:10.1093/oao/9781884446054.013.90000371400.
- ^ Williams, Jenny (1998). More Lives than One: A Biography of Hans Fallada. London: Libris. p. 1. ISBN 1870352386.
- ^ Wolfe, Charles K. (February 2000). "Carter, A. P. (1891-1960), musicians and songwriters". American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1803463. (subscription required)
- ^ "Hart Crane | American poet". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
- ^ Reynolds, Michael (1999). "Hemingway, Ernest (21 July 1899–02 July 1961), writer". American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600745. (subscription required)
- ^ Moseley, Monica (February 2000). "Bennett, Isadora (1900-1980), publicist for dance and theater". American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1800090. (subscription required)
- ^ Hurley, F. Jack (February 2000). "Lee, Russell Werner (1903-1986), photographer". American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1701477. (subscription required)
- ^ Wyatt, Edward (25 December 2010). "Roy R. Neuberger Dies at 107; Applied a Stock Trader's Acumen to Art". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Litsky, Frank (26 April 1996). "Jug McSpaden, 87, a Top Golfer Known for Finishing in Second". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Whitman, Alden (1 January 1981). "MARSHALL MCLUHAN, AUTHOR, DIES; DECLARED 'MEDIUM IS THE MESSAGE'". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Stokvis, Willemijn (2003). "Constant". Oxford Art Online. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T019168.
- ^ Schwarz, Boris (2001). "Stern, Isaac". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26717. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
- ^ McFadden, Robert D. (20 February 2020). "Jean Daniel, Leading French Journalist and Humanist, Dies at 99". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Pendreigh, Brian (16 January 2014). "Obituary: John Horsley, actor". The Scotsman. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ "Auschwitz-Überlebende aus Bergisch Gladbach: Philomena Franz ist mit 100 Jahren gestorben". Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger (in German). 28 December 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
- ^ Vacher, Peter (6 November 2016). "Kay Starr obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Barker, Dennis (2 July 2009). "Mollie Sugden". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Collins, Scott (3 July 2012). "Don Knotts, star of 'The Andy Griffith Show,' dead at 81". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Fox, Margalit (16 September 2009). "Paul Burke, 'Naked City' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Dagan, Carmel (22 January 2024). "Norman Jewison, 'Moonstruck' and 'In the Heat of the Night' Director, Dies at 97". Variety. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ "Balochistan peacemaker Rahimuddin Khan passes away". The News. 23 August 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Barker, Dennis (27 May 2013). "Bill Pertwee obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Milne, Tom (28 November 2002). "Karel Reisz". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Kernfeld, Barry (2003). "Merrill, Helen". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J298300. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
- ^ Piras, Marcello (4 October 2012). "Clark, Sonny". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2228033. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
- ^ Owens, Thomas (2003). "Johnson, Plas (John, Jr.)". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J233800. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
- ^ Cowart, David (February 2000). "Gardner, John (1933-1982), writer and teacher". American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1602022. (subscription required)
- ^ Coveney, Michael (27 November 2019). "Sir Jonathan Miller obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Rosenbaum, David E. (22 May 1995). "Les Aspin, 56, Dies; Member of Congress And Defense Chief". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Brown, T.; Duchen, Jessica (2001). "Kuerti, Anton". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.15622. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
- ^ Hulse, Carl (7 November 2016). "Janet Reno, First Woman to Serve as U.S. Attorney General, Dies at 78". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Kennedy, Gary W.; Kernfeld, Barry (2003). "Aebersold, Jamey". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J758100. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
- ^ Williams, Richard (18 January 2015). "Kim Fowley obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Deka, Kaushik (31 October 2022). "Kharge takes the reins". India Today. Vol. 47, no. 44. p. 27.
- ^ Weber, Bruce (1 January 2015). "Edward Herrmann, Actor With a Noble Air, Dies at 71". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ "Henry McCullough, Guitarist for Wings, Dies at 72". The New York Times. Associated Press. 15 June 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ "Obituary: Ghana's President John Atta Mills". BBC News. 24 July 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Busby, Margaret (3 February 2017). "Buchi Emecheta obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Rosenbaum, David E. (26 October 2002). "A DEATH IN THE SENATE: THE SENATOR; Paul Wellstone, 58, Icon Of Liberalism in Senate". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ "Ken Starr, prosecutor in Clinton Whitewater probe, dies at 76". CNBC. 13 September 2022. Archived from the original on September 13, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
- ^ Kumar, Ashok (16 August 2020). "Chetan Chauhan dies of COVID complications". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Gilbey, Ryan (12 August 2014). "Robin Williams obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ United States Congress. "BARRASSO, John A. (id: B001261)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- ^ Perrone, Pierre (26 February 2003). "Howie Epstein". The Independent. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ "14 Great Welsh writers to read on St David's Day". The Telegraph. 1 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ "Kimera Bartee". ESPN.
- ^ "Catherine Ndereba Bio, Stats, and Results". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- ^ "How "Ant-Man" Actor David Dastmalchian Overcame Drug Addiction".
- ^ "Cori Bish". Iowa State University.
- ^ "Jalmari Helander". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ "Jon Dorenbos". ESPN.
- ^ "Heath Scotland Player Profile Bio". Carlton Football Club. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
- ^ "Blake Lewis". Rotten Tomatoes.
- ^ "Stefan Schumacher – Player Profile – Cycling". Eurosport UK. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
- ^ "How Kellen Winslow II went from NFL star to accused serial rapist". USA Today. July 31, 2018. Retrieved October 14, 2023.
- ^ "DeAndre Jordan". teamusa. Archived from the original on July 18, 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
- ^ "Rory Culkin". Turner Classic Movies.
- ^ "Jamie Waylett". Rotten Tomatoes.
- ^ "Jude Adjei-Barimah". ESPN.
- ^ "What is the most popular song by Da$H?". nbcolympics.com.
- ^ "Giovanni De Gennaro". Rio 2016. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- ^ "Giovanni De Gennaro". Sports-Reference.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
- ^ "Charlotte de Witte". Apple Music.
- ^ "Dawid Dryja". volleybox.net.
- ^ "Rachael FLATT: 2012/2013". International Skating Union. Archived from the original on September 8, 2013.
- ^ "Marcus Harris". espncricinfo.com.
- ^ "Jonathon Jennings". svsucardinals.com.
- ^ "Dante Marini". nuhuskies.com.
- ^ "Henry Owens". ESPN.
- ^ "Andrew Rayel". andrewrayel.com.
- ^ "Yuka Sato". worldathletics.org.
- ^ "Miles Ukaoma". huskers.com.
- ^ "Mikael Ingebrigtsen". www.eurosport.com. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ "WTAtennis.com Profile: Marie Bouzkova". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "Evan McPherson Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft ..." Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved July 19, 2024.
- ^ Cross, Beren (9 July 2018). "Wonderkid Haaland would pick Leeds United over Man Utd every time". Leeds Live. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
- ^ "Endrick Height, Weight, Age, Nationality, Position, Bio". Fox Sports. Retrieved July 19, 2024.
- ^ Walker, Simon (3 January 2008). "Percy, Sir Henry [called Henry Hotspur] (1364–1403), soldier". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21931. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Barnard, Toby (3 January 2008). "Butler, James, first duke of Ormond (1610–1688), lord lieutenant of Ireland". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4191. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "Robert Burns (1759-1796)". National Records of Scotland. 31 May 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
- ^ Cobley, John (1966). "William Bland (1789–1868)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 1. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
- ^ United States Congress. "WALDEN, Hiram (id: W000033)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- ^ Plummer, Mark A. (February 2000). "Ingersoll, Robert Green (1833-1899), orator and lawyer". American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1100449. (subscription required)
- ^ "Obituary Notices: Fellows:- Mrs. Fiammetta Wilson". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 81 (4): 269. February 1921. Bibcode:1921MNRAS..81R.266. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
- ^ Booth, Michael R. (11 May 2023). "Terry, Dame Ellen Alice (1847–1928), actress". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36460. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Klein, Marcus (February 2000). "Wister, Owen (1860-1938), author". American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1601795. (subscription required)
- ^ "El presidente de México que duró 45 minutos en el cargo" [The President of Mexico who lasted 45 minutes], Milenio (in Spanish), Mexico City, February 19, 2018, retrieved May 28, 2019
- ^ Olsen, Kirstin (1994). Chronology of Women's History. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-31328-803-6.
- ^ Faucon, Benoît. "OPEC Veteran Rilwanu Lukman Dies". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ Luxford, Bob. "Kevin Skinner". New Zealand Rugby Museum. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ Weber, Bruce (July 21, 2015). "E.L. Doctorow, Author of Historical Fiction, Dies at 84". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2022-01-03. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
- ^ "Zmarł prof. Czesław Marchaj" [Prof. Czesław Marchaj] (in Polish). Zagle. July 22, 2015. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- ^ Mather, Victor (July 22, 2016). "Dennis Green, Pioneering Coach of the Vikings and the Cardinals, Dies at 67". The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ^ "'Home Alone' Dad John Heard Died of Cardiac Arrest". Hollywood Reporter. Associated Press. August 16, 2017. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- ^ "Alene Duerk". Newsday Entertainment/Celebrities. August 10, 2018.
- ^ Schudel, Matt (21 July 2020). "Annie Ross, mainstay of 'the greatest jazz vocal group that ever was,' dies at 89". The Washington Post. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "Notable deaths in 2020". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2020-04-06. Retrieved 2020-09-15.
- ^ Tony Bennett, masterful stylist of American musical standards, dies at 96
- ^ "National days". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to July 21.
- "On This Day". BBC.
- The New York Times: On This Day
- "Historical Events on July 21". OnThisDay.com.