Albacete is one of the 52 constituencies (
Spanish :
circunscripciones ) represented in the
Congress of Deputies , the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the
Cortes Generales . The constituency currently elects four
deputies . Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish
province of Albacete . The
electoral system uses the
D'Hondt method and a
closed-list proportional representation , with a minimum threshold of three percent.
Electoral system
The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election . The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies , with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978 . Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law , needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales .
Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage , which comprises all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over twenty-one and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish : Voto rogado ) which was abolished in 2022. 348 seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation , with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting . The use of the D'Hondt method may result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude .
The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry , coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.
Deputies
Elections
2023 general election
Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
88,299
39.92
+12.47
2
+1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
76,322
34.51
+1.92
2
±0
Vox (Vox)
36,750
16.61
–4.06
0
–1
Unite (Sumar)
15,834
7.16
–2.53
0
±0
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)
1,261
0.57
–0.20
0
±0
Workers' Front (FO)
381
0.17
New
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
325
0.15
–0.02
0
±0
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero)
185
0.08
–0.02
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,834
0.83
–0.02
Total
221,191
4
±0
Valid votes
221,191
98.78
–0.02
Invalid votes
2,726
1.22
+0.02
Votes cast / turnout
223,917
72.70
+2.73
Abstentions
84,071
27.30
–2.73
Registered voters
307,988
Sources
November 2019 general election
Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
69,848
32.59
+0.59
2
±0
People's Party (PP)
58,835
27.45
+5.34
1
±0
Vox (Vox)
44,306
20.67
+6.19
1
+1
United We Can (Podemos –IU )
20,771
9.69
–0.91
0
±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)
15,947
7.44
–11.26
0
–1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
1,651
0.77
–0.17
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
375
0.17
+0.04
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group –PCAS –TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC)
222
0.10
–0.04
0
±0
European Retirees Social Democratic Party (PDSJE)
197
0.09
New
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
177
0.08
–0.02
0
±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE)
153
0.07
–0.01
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,822
0.85
+0.12
Total
214,304
4
±0
Valid votes
214,304
98.80
+0.05
Invalid votes
2,613
1.20
–0.05
Votes cast / turnout
216,917
69.97
–6.55
Abstentions
93,079
30.03
+6.55
Registered voters
309,996
Sources
April 2019 general election
Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
75,005
32.00
+4.84
2
+1
People's Party (PP)
51,817
22.11
–18.77
1
–1
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)
43,835
18.70
+4.13
1
+1
Vox (Vox)
33,948
14.48
New
0
±0
United We Can (Podemos –IU –Equo )
24,855
10.60
–4.67
0
–1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
2,205
0.94
+0.04
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group –PCAS –TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC)
324
0.14
–0.01
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
304
0.13
New
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
224
0.10
–0.01
0
±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE)
182
0.08
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,705
0.73
+0.08
Total
234,404
4
±0
Valid votes
234,404
98.75
–0.24
Invalid votes
2,978
1.25
+0.24
Votes cast / turnout
237,382
76.52
+5.02
Abstentions
72,825
23.48
–5.02
Registered voters
310,207
Sources
2016 general election
Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
89,717
40.88
+4.07
2
±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
59,617
27.16
–1.00
1
±0
United We Can (Podemos –IU –Equo )
33,509
15.27
–2.71
1
+1
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)
31,976
14.57
–0.01
0
–1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
1,985
0.90
+0.22
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
430
0.20
–0.29
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)
321
0.15
+0.02
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
255
0.12
New
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
233
0.11
±0.00
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,430
0.65
–0.10
Total
219,473
4
±0
Valid votes
219,473
98.99
–0.03
Invalid votes
2,233
1.01
+0.03
Votes cast / turnout
221,706
71.50
–3.78
Abstentions
88,377
28.50
+3.78
Registered voters
310,083
Sources
2015 general election
Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
85,241
36.81
–18.28
2
–1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
65,205
28.16
–1.96
1
±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)
33,755
14.58
New
1
+1
We Can (Podemos)
32,320
13.96
New
0
±0
United Left –Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC)
9,306
4.02
–2.15
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
1,583
0.68
+0.28
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
1,146
0.49
–4.51
0
±0
Vox (Vox)
538
0.23
New
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)
305
0.13
New
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
251
0.11
–0.06
0
±0
Liberal Party of the Right (PLD)
205
0.09
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,727
0.75
–0.58
Total
231,582
4
±0
Valid votes
231,582
99.02
+0.38
Invalid votes
2,300
0.98
–0.38
Votes cast / turnout
233,882
75.28
–0.83
Abstentions
76,792
24.72
+0.83
Registered voters
310,674
Sources
2011 general election
Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
127,995
55.09
+7.72
3
+1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
69,981
30.12
–15.62
1
–1
United Left of Castilla–La Mancha –The Greens : Plural Left (IUCLM–LV)
14,324
6.17
+2.79
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
11,614
5.00
+3.72
0
±0
Equo (Equo)
2,077
0.89
New
0
±0
Blank Seats (EB)
1,153
0.50
New
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
921
0.40
+0.22
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
597
0.26
+0.10
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
386
0.17
+0.11
0
±0
Centre and Democracy Forum (CyD)
192
0.08
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
3,082
1.33
+0.20
Total
232,322
4
±0
Valid votes
232,322
98.64
–0.64
Invalid votes
3,193
1.36
+0.64
Votes cast / turnout
235,515
76.11
–3.55
Abstentions
73,941
23.89
+3.55
Registered voters
309,456
Sources
2008 general election
Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
113,609
47.37
+0.42
2
±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
109,682
45.74
–0.52
2
±0
United Left–Alternative (IU)
8,104
3.38
–0.51
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
3,078
1.28
New
0
±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
443
0.18
New
0
±0
Social Democratic Party (PSD)
377
0.16
New
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
372
0.16
New
0
±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB)
327
0.14
–0.11
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
153
0.06
–0.03
0
±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)
151
0.06
New
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
137
0.06
New
0
±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV)
130
0.05
–0.10
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
120
0.05
New
0
±0
Spain 2000 (E–2000)
117
0.05
New
0
±0
National Democracy (DN)
114
0.05
–0.04
0
±0
Commoners' Land (TC)
79
0.03
–0.04
0
±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA)
51
0.02
–0.02
0
±0
Spanish Alternative (AES)
48
0.02
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
2,717
1.13
–0.73
Total
239,809
4
±0
Valid votes
239,809
99.28
+0.04
Invalid votes
1,741
0.72
–0.04
Votes cast / turnout
241,550
79.66
+0.39
Abstentions
61,678
20.34
–0.39
Registered voters
303,228
Sources
2004 general election
Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
110,338
46.95
–4.24
2
±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
108,715
46.26
+5.06
2
±0
United Left–Left of Castilla–La Mancha (IU–ICAM)
9,145
3.89
–1.10
0
±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB)
580
0.25
New
0
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
371
0.16
+0.05
0
±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV)
353
0.15
New
0
±0
National Democracy (DN)
223
0.09
New
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
212
0.09
New
0
±0
The Phalanx (FE)
160
0.07
–0.02
0
±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)
155
0.07
–0.04
0
±0
Republican Left (IR)
139
0.06
New
0
±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE)
116
0.05
±0.00
0
±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA)
95
0.04
New
0
±0
Republican Social Movement (MSR)
49
0.02
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
4,372
1.86
+0.29
Total
235,023
4
±0
Valid votes
235,023
99.24
–0.08
Invalid votes
1,810
0.76
+0.08
Votes cast / turnout
236,833
79.27
+3.69
Abstentions
61,947
20.73
–3.69
Registered voters
298,780
Sources
2000 general election
Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
113,406
51.19
+6.53
2
±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party –Progressives (PSOE–p)
91,270
41.20
–2.69
2
±0
United Left (IU)
11,062
4.99
–4.63
0
±0
Liberal Independent Group (GIL)
535
0.24
New
0
±0
Natural Law Party (PLN)
474
0.21
New
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
307
0.14
+0.01
0
±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)
250
0.11
+0.04
0
±0
Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre (UC–CDS)
248
0.11
–0.15
0
±0
The Phalanx (FE)
207
0.09
New
0
±0
Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000)
175
0.08
New
0
±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE)
121
0.05
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
3,484
1.57
+0.60
Total
221,539
4
±0
Valid votes
221,539
99.32
–0.18
Invalid votes
1,514
0.68
+0.18
Votes cast / turnout
223,053
75.58
–7.90
Abstentions
72,052
24.42
+7.90
Registered voters
295,105
Sources
1996 general election
Summary of the 3 March 1996 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
105,294
44.66
+4.16
2
±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
103,471
43.89
–2.25
2
±0
United Left–Left of Castile-La Mancha (IU–ICAM)
22,682
9.62
+0.29
0
±0
Centrist Union (UC)
617
0.26
–1.64
0
±0
Regionalist Party of Castilla–La Mancha (PRCM)
495
0.21
New
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
301
0.13
+0.07
0
±0
Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT)
242
0.10
New
0
±0
Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA)
227
0.10
New
0
±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)
156
0.07
+0.01
0
±0
Blank ballots
2,289
0.97
+0.14
Total
235,774
4
±0
Valid votes
235,774
99.50
+0.04
Invalid votes
1,191
0.50
–0.04
Votes cast / turnout
236,965
83.48
+1.09
Abstentions
46,886
16.52
–1.09
Registered voters
283,851
Sources
1993 general election
Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
103,057
46.14
–3.51
2
–1
People's Party (PP)
90,453
40.50
+9.73
2
+1
United Left (IU)
20,841
9.33
+0.92
0
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
4,253
1.90
–5.53
0
±0
The Greens (Verdes)
1,310
0.59
–0.09
0
±0
The Ecologists (LE)
619
0.28
–0.17
0
±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group –European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE)
456
0.20
–0.43
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
132
0.06
–0.04
0
±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)
130
0.06
New
0
±0
Natural Law Party (PLN)
125
0.06
New
0
±0
Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)
116
0.05
New
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
0
0.00
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,843
0.83
+0.16
Total
223,335
4
±0
Valid votes
223,335
99.46
+0.08
Invalid votes
1,214
0.54
–0.08
Votes cast / turnout
224,549
82.39
+5.74
Abstentions
47,987
17.61
–5.74
Registered voters
272,536
Sources
1989 general election
Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
97,904
49.65
–1.40
3
±0
People's Party (PP)
60,664
30.77
–1.11
1
±0
United Left (IU)
16,580
8.41
+3.86
0
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
14,651
7.43
–1.31
0
±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)
1,336
0.68
New
0
±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)
1,242
0.63
New
0
±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)
891
0.45
New
0
±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)
830
0.42
–0.64
0
±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)
729
0.37
+0.08
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
557
0.28
New
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
270
0.14
–0.24
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
197
0.10
New
0
±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))
0
0.00
–0.14
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,322
0.67
±0.00
Total
197,173
4
±0
Valid votes
197,173
99.38
+0.48
Invalid votes
1,236
0.62
–0.48
Votes cast / turnout
198,409
76.65
+3.60
Abstentions
60,446
23.35
–3.60
Registered voters
258,855
Sources
1986 general election
Summary of the 22 June 1986 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
97,838
51.05
–2.52
3
±0
People's Coalition (AP –PDP –PL )
61,093
31.88
+3.02
1
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
16,750
8.74
+6.75
0
±0
United Left (IU)
8,729
4.55
–0.05
0
±0
Communists' Unity Board (MUC)
2,031
1.06
New
0
±0
Democratic Reformist Party (PRD)
1,871
0.98
New
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
723
0.38
+0.26
0
±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)
553
0.29
–0.15
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
343
0.18
+0.11
0
±0
Republican Popular Unity (UPR)
261
0.14
+0.06
0
±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)
160
0.08
New
0
±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC)
0
0.00
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,289
0.67
+0.22
Total
191,641
4
±0
Valid votes
191,641
98.90
+0.99
Invalid votes
2,126
1.10
–0.99
Votes cast / turnout
193,767
73.05
–8.98
Abstentions
71,500
26.95
+8.98
Registered voters
265,267
Sources
1982 general election
Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
103,328
53.57
+14.86
3
+1
People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party (AP –PDP )
55,666
28.86
+24.00
1
+1
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)
16,755
8.69
–30.27
0
–2
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
8,874
4.60
–7.79
0
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
3,846
1.99
New
0
±0
New Force (FN)
1,388
0.72
–1.50
0
±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)
855
0.44
New
0
±0
Spanish Solidarity (SE)
457
0.24
New
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
240
0.12
New
0
±0
Communist Unity Candidacy (CUC)
193
0.10
–0.10
0
±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))
149
0.08
New
0
±0
Falangist Movement of Spain (MFE)
141
0.07
New
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
129
0.07
–0.10
0
±0
Communist Movement (MC)
0
0.00
New
0
±0
Communist League–Internationalist Socialist Workers' Coalition (LC (COSI))
0
0.00
New
0
±0
Socialist Party (PS)
0
0.00
–1.30
0
±0
Blank ballots
861
0.45
+0.24
Total
192,882
4
±0
Valid votes
192,882
97.91
–1.17
Invalid votes
4,110
2.09
+1.17
Votes cast / turnout
196,992
82.03
+10.52
Abstentions
43,163
17.97
–10.52
Registered voters
240,155
Sources
1979 general election
Summary of the 1 March 1979 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)
65,883
38.96
+0.86
2
±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
65,465
38.71
–1.52
2
±0
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
20,945
12.39
+4.36
0
±0
Democratic Coalition (CD)
8,224
4.86
–4.58
0
±0
National Union (UN)
3,753
2.22
–0.69
0
±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh)
2,205
1.30
New
0
±0
Party of Labour of Spain (PTE)
455
0.27
–0.73
0
±0
Workers' Communist Party (PCT)
338
0.20
New
0
±0
Republican Left (IR)
311
0.18
New
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
286
0.17
New
0
±0
Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT)
284
0.17
New
0
±0
Carlist Party (PC)
241
0.14
New
0
±0
Communist Organization of Spain (Red Flag) (OCE–BR)
195
0.12
New
0
±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LCR)
165
0.10
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
359
0.21
–0.07
Total
169,109
4
±0
Valid votes
169,109
99.08
+0.32
Invalid votes
1,569
0.92
–0.32
Votes cast / turnout
170,678
71.51
–9.76
Abstentions
68,004
28.49
+9.76
Registered voters
238,682
Sources
1977 general election
Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in Albacete
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)
64,603
38.10
n/a
2
n/a
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
56,332
33.22
n/a
2
n/a
People's Alliance (AP)
16,005
9.44
n/a
0
n/a
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
13,623
8.03
n/a
0
n/a
Centre-Left of Albacete (CIA)
11,879
7.01
n/a
0
n/a
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
4,939
2.91
n/a
0
n/a
Democratic Left Front (FDI)
1,698
1.00
n/a
0
n/a
Blank ballots
474
0.28
n/a
Total
169,553
4
n/a
Valid votes
169,553
98.76
n/a
Invalid votes
2,137
1.24
n/a
Votes cast / turnout
171,690
81.27
n/a
Abstentions
39,559
18.73
n/a
Registered voters
211,249
Sources
References
^ "Real Decreto 1037/2022, de 20 de diciembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2022" (PDF) . Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (305): 178928–178933. 21 December 2022. ISSN 0212-033X .
^ Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política (Law 1) (in Spanish). 4 January 1977. Retrieved 27 December 2016 .
^ Constitución Española (in Spanish). 29 December 1978. Retrieved 27 December 2016 .
^ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote" . cafebabel.co.uk . Retrieved 17 July 2017 .
^ Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero" . Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022 .
^ Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales (Royal Decree-Law 20) (in Spanish). 18 March 1977. Retrieved 14 December 2019 .
^ Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 19 June 1985. Retrieved 30 January 2020 .
^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems" . Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 2017-07-30. Retrieved 22 July 2017 .
^ "Resolución de 30 de agosto de 2023, de la Presidencia de la Junta Electoral Central, por la que se publica el resumen de los resultados de las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados y al Senado convocadas por Real Decreto 400/2023, de 29 de mayo, y celebradas el 23 de julio de 2023, conforme a las actas de escrutinio general y de proclamación de electos remitidas por las correspondientes Juntas Electorales Provinciales y por las Juntas Electorales de Ceuta y de Melilla" (PDF) . Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (209): 122201–122274. 1 September 2023. ISSN 0212-033X .
^ "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales" . Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 April 2022 .
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