The Achwa River is a river of Uganda. It flows through the northern central part of the country, draining much of Uganda's northern plateau and northeastern highlands, before crossing the border into South Sudan where it joins the White Nile. In South Sudan it is known as the Aswa River. The river is a lifeline for communities along its path through offering fishing activities.

The river is a source of livelihood to nearby communities despite being under degradation threats. It is a protected area.