Baranya (Hungarian: Baranya vármegye, pronounced [ˈbɒrɒɲɒ ˈvaːrmɛɟɛ]; German: Branau; Croatian: Baranjska županija) is a county (vármegye) in southern Hungary. It is part of the Southern Transdanubia statistical region and the historical Baranya region, which was a county (comitatus) in the Kingdom of Hungary dating back to the 11th century. Its current status as one of the 19 counties of Hungary was established in 1950 as part of wider Soviet administrative territorial reform following World War II. It is bordered by Somogy County to the northwest, Tolna County to the north, Bács-Kiskun County and the Danube to the east, and the border with Croatia (part of which is formed by the Drava River) to the south.

As of the 2011 census, it had a population of 386,441 residents. Of the 19 counties of Hungary (excluding Budapest), it is ranked 10th, both in terms of geographic area and population. Its county seat and largest city is Pécs.

In German, it is known as Komitat Branau, and in Croatian as Baranjska županija (Baranja).

The county was probably named after its first comes 'Brana' or 'Braina'.

This county has a total area of 4,430 km (1,710 sq mi) – 4.76% of Hungary – which is divided in Upper Baranya and Lower Baranya.

The northern part of the county is a mountain area with large forests, the Mecsek Mountains. The central areas are shared between the Baranya Hills and Villány Mountains. The very eastern and southern parts are flat.

The highest point in the county is Zengő in the Mecsek Mountains, at 682 metres. This is also the highest point of the mountain range.

Baranya is rich in mineral and thermal water, and also in other resources. 98% of Hungary's coal resources are found here.

• Tolna County in the North.
• Bács-Kiskun County in the East. (across the Danube river)
• Croatia in the south (across the Drava river) – Osijek-Baranja County and Virovitica-Podravina County
• Somogy County in the Northwest.

The climate of Baranya is a mix of continental and temperate, which makes it unique in Hungary, as the rest of the country is primarily continental. Its milder climate is due to its southern location and relative proximity to the Mediterranean Sea in comparison to other parts of the country, leaving it with warmer winters. It has the highest average annual rainfall of the Hungarian counties and a high amount of sunshine hours.

Pécs, Hungary
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     39     2 −4     36     5 −1     37     11 1     54     17 7     63     22 11     85     25 14     65     27 16     60     27 15     54     23 12     39     17 7     60     10 3     50     3 −2 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source:
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     1.5     35 25     1.4     41 29     1.5     51 35     2.1     63 44     2.5     71 51     3.3     77 58     2.6     81 60     2.4     80 59     2.1     74 53     1.5     63 45     2.4     49 37     2     38 29 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

The area has been inhabited since ancient times. Before the Hungarian tribes conquered the area, it was inhabited by Slavs and Avars. Stephen I founded an episcopal seat here.

In 1526, the county was occupied by Ottomans and was freed in 1689. Its medieval borders remained unchanged until 1919. According to the peace treaty of Trianon, the southern part of the county (1,163 km, 449 sq mi) reverted to Slavic rule (present-day Croatia). The re-organizing of the counties (1950) brought only minor changes (town of Szigetvár got there).

Baranya has the largest number of minorities in Hungary (more than twice the country average), providing home to 34% of the German minority, the so-called Danube Swabians, and 32% of the Southern Slav minorities in Hungary.

The Stifolder or Stiffoller Shvove are a Roman Catholic subgroup of the so-called Danube Swabians. Their ancestors once came ca. 1717 - 1804 from the Hochstift Fulda and surroundings (Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda), and settled in Baranya. They retained their own German dialect and culture, until the end of WW2. After WW2, the majority of Danube Swabians were expelled to allied-occupied Germany and allied-occupied Austria, in accordance with the 1945 Potsdam Agreement.

Only a few people can speak the old Stiffolerisch Schvovish dialect. Also a salami is named after these people.

Electoral History

2018 General Elections

	Party	Votes	%	Seats	Change
	Fidesz-KDNP (joint)	45,950	35.62%	3	-1
	Independent	21,998	17.05%	1	+1
	Jobbik	19,772	15.33%	0	-
	Democratic Coalition	15,422	11.95%	0	-
	MSZP-Párbeszéd (joint)	13,605	10.55%	0	-
	Politics Can Be Different	6,566	5.1%	0	-
	Momentum	2,433	1.89%	0	-
	Total	129,014	100	4	-

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1870	265,069	—
1880	273,615	+3.2%
1890	299,901	+9.6%
1900	313,174	+4.4%
1910	328,902	+5.0%
1920	313,469	−4.7%
1930	337,698	+7.7%
1941	353,426	+4.7%
1949	356,533	+0.9%
1960	395,342	+10.9%
1970	421,765	+6.7%
1980	432,617	+2.6%
1990	417,400	−3.5%
2001	407,448	−2.4%
2011	386,441	−5.2%
2019	360,704	−6.7%
Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office

In 2015, it had a population of 371,110 and the population density was 84/km.

As of the census of 2011, there were 386,441 residents, 160,040 households, and 105,646 families living in the county. The population density was 226 inhabitants per square mile (87/km). There were 167,453 housing units at an average density of 98 per square mile (38/km).

There were 160,040 households, of which 63.2% were one-family households, 1.4% were multi-family households, 32.1% were one-person households, and 3.4% were other non-family households. Elderly individuals living alone were 15.9% of all households. The average household size was 2.34.

There were 105,646 families, of which 44.1% were married couples or consensual unions living together with children, 36.4% were couples without children, 16.7% were single females with children, and 2.8% were single males with children. The average family size was 2.82.

The age breakdown of the county was 20.1% under the age of 20, 7.0% between ages 20 and 24, 27.4% aged 25 to 44, 28.3% aged 45 to 64, and 17.2% aged 65 or older. The gender makeup of the county was 47.2% male and 52.8% female.

Religious adherence in the county was 46.8% Roman Catholic, 6.4% Reformed (Calvinist), 1.2% Evangelical (Lutheran), 0.3% Greek Catholic, 0.1% Orthodox, and 1.5% other religions. The non-religious were 16.2% and atheists were 1.5%, with 26.0% declining to answer.

As of the census of 2001, there were 407,448 residents, 151,956 households, and 115,946 families living in the county. The population density was 238 inhabitants per square mile (92/km). There were 156,632 housing units at an average density of 92 per square mile (35/km).

There were 151,956 households, of which 68.5% were one-family households, 3.8% were multi-family households, 24.9% were one-person households, and 2.7% were other non-family households. Elderly individuals living alone were 13.1% of all households. The average household size was 2.60.

There were 115,946 families, of which 48.7% were married couples or consensual unions living together with children, 35.4% were couples without children, 13.7% were single females with children, and 2.1% were single males with children. The average family size was 2.87.

The age breakdown of the county was 23.0% under the age of 20, 8.1% between ages 20 and 24, 28.0% aged 25 to 44, 26.0% aged 45 to 64, and 14.9% aged 65 or older. The gender makeup of the county was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.

Religious adherence in the county was 64.2% Roman Catholic, 8.7% Reformed (Calvinist), 1.5% Evangelical (Lutheran), 0.5% Greek Catholic, 0.1% Orthodox, and 0.8% other religions. The non-religious were 13.4%, with 10.8% declining to answer.

Besides the Hungarian majority, the main minorities are the Germans (approx. 22,000), Roma (17,000), Croats (6,000), and Serbs (500).

Total population (2011 census): 386,441
Ethnic groups (2011 census): Identified themselves: 364,801 persons:

• Hungarians: 315,713 (86.54%)
• Germans: 22,150 (6.07%)
• Romani: 16,995 (4.66%)
• Croats: 6,343 (1.74%)
• Others and indefinable: 3,600 (0.99%)

Approx. 58,000 persons in Baranya County did not declare their ethnic group at the 2011 census.

No.	English and Hungarian names	Area (km)	Population (2011)	Density (pop./km)	Seat	No. of municipalities
1	Bóly District Bólyi járás	220.03	11,956	54	Bóly	16
2	Hegyhát District Hegyháti járás	360.72	12,744	35	Sásd	25
3	Komló District Komlói járás	292.48	35,489	121	Komló	20
4	Mohács District Mohácsi járás	600.98	35,164	59	Mohács	26
5	Pécs District Pécsi járás	623.07	189,036	303	Pécs	40
6	Pécsvárad District Pécsváradi járás	246.44	11,931	48	Pécsvárad	17
7	Sellye District Sellyei járás	493.69	14,192	29	Sellye	38
8	Siklós District Siklósi járás	652.99	35,929	55	Siklós	53
9	Szentlőrinc District Szentlőrinci járás	282.43	14,998	53	Szentlőrinc	21
10	Szigetvár District Szigetvári járás	656.76	25,002	38	Szigetvár	45
Baranya County		4,429.59	386,446	87	Pécs	301

The Baranya County Council, elected at the 2019 local government elections, is made up of 18 counselors, with the following party composition:

	Party	Seats	Current County Assembly
	Fidesz-KDNP	12
	Democratic Coalition (DK)	2
	Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik)	2
	Momentum	1
	Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP)	1

President	Terminus
dr. Őri László (Fidesz-KDNP)	2019–

The following members elected of the National Assembly during the 2022 parliamentary election:

Constituency	Member	Party
Baranya County 1st constituency	Tamás Mellár		Dialogue
Baranya County 2nd constituency	Péter Hoppál		Fidesz–KDNP
Baranya County 3rd constituency	János Hargitai		Fidesz–KDNP
Baranya County 4th constituency	Csaba Nagy		Fidesz–KDNP

Baranya County has 1 urban county, 13 towns, 3 large villages and 284 villages.

Like Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Baranya is a county of extremes when it comes to regional structure. The county seat is one of the five largest cities (and three largest agglomerations) of Hungary, but more than 2/3 of the municipalities are small hamlets with a population under 500. Half of the county's population lives in the county seat or in its immediate vicinity, while 22% of the population lives in villages that have less than 1000 inhabitants.

Cities with county rights

(ordered by population, as of 2011 census)

• Pécs (156,049) – county seat

Towns

Villages

municipalities are large villages.

• 
  Pécs, the county seat
• 
  Mosque of Pasha Qasim, Pécs
• 
  Traditional house in Kisújbánya
• 
  Town hall of Szigetvár
• 
  Bell tower on the Mecsek Mountains
• 
  Siklós Castle
• 
  Crystal caves in Nagyharsány
• 
  Pécsvárad Abbey

• Official site in Hungarian
• Dunántúli Napló (bama.hu) - The county portal
• Hungarian Central Statistics Office