The Roman Catholic Diocese of Butuan (Lat: Dioecesis Butuanensis) is a diocese of the Latin Church of the Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines.

The diocese was erected in 1967, through Pope Paul VI, separating from the Diocese of Surigao. The territory of the Diocese of Butuan contained the Province of Agusan del Sur and Agusan del Norte, and Carmelo Dominador Morelos was its first bishop. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro.

On October 15, 2024, the new Diocese of Prosperidad was carved out of the Diocese of Butuan. The new diocese comprises the province of Agusan Del Sur. Pope Francis appointed Ruben C. Labajo, Auxiliary Bishop of Cebu, as the first ordinary of the new diocese.

Vert, in between two pomegranates proper seeded Gules, supported, sculpted and leafed in two Or a bend wavy sinister Azure charged with a lily flower Argent. Vert symbolized Agusan del Norte and Agusan del Sur. Pomegranates proper seeded inside the color Vert symbolized fertility. Color Azure is Agusan River. While Lily flower argent symbolized purity of St. Joseph the Patron of Butuan, and titular of the Diocese of Butuan.

Bishop		Period in office	Coat of arms
1.	Carmelo D.F. Morelos, DD, JCD, STL, PhL	4 April 1967 – 8 December 1994
2.	Juan de Dios M. Pueblos, DD.	27 November 1995 – 21 October 2017
3.	Cosme Damian R. Almedilla, DD.	25 June 2019 – present

• Catholic Church in the Philippines
• Butuan

8°56′52″N 125°32′35″E / 8.9477°N 125.5430°E / 8.9477; 125.5430