Elba Township is one of twenty-one townships in Knox County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 291 and it contained 124 housing units. Its name was changed from Liberty Township on June 8, 1853.

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.38 square miles (94.2 km), all land.

• Elba Center at 40°50′39″N 90°02′35″W / 40.844204°N 90.043171°W / 40.844204; -90.043171
• Eugene at 40°53′15″N 90°00′51″W / 40.887537°N 90.014281°W / 40.887537; -90.014281

(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

The township contains these four cemeteries: Catterton, Elba, Kightlinger and Pleasant Hill.

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
2016 (est.)	282
U.S. Decennial Census

• Farmington Central Community Unit School District 265
• Williamsfield Community Unit School District 210

• Illinois's 17th congressional district
• State House District 74
• State Senate District 37

• "Elba Township, Knox County, Illinois". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
• United States Census Bureau 2009 TIGER/Line Shapefiles
• United States National Atlas

• City-Data.com
• Illinois State Archives
• Township Officials of Illinois