Flags Of Poland
Most Polish flags feature white and red, the national colors of Poland. The national colors, officially adopted in 1831, are of heraldic origin and derive from the tinctures of the coats of arms of Poland and Lithuania. Additionally, some flags incorporate the white eagle of the Polish coat of arms, while other flags used by the Armed Forces incorporate military eagles, which are variants.
Both variants of the national flag of Poland were officially adopted in 1919, shortly after Poland re-emerged as an independent state in the aftermath of World War I in 1918. Many Polish flags were adopted within the following three years. The designs of most of these flags have been modified only to adjust to the changes in the official rendering of the national coat of arms. Major modifications included a change in the stylization of the eagle from Neoclassicist to Baroque in 1927 and the removal of the crown from the eagle's head during the Communist rule from 1944 to 1990. Legal specification for the shades of the national colors has also changed with time. The shade of red was first legally specified as vermilion by a presidential decree of 13 December 1928. This verbal prescription was replaced with coordinates in the CIE 1976 color space by the Coat of Arms Act of 31 January 1980.
National flags
The basic variant of the national flag is a plain white-and-red horizontal bicolor. A variant defaced with the coat of arms is restricted to official use abroad and at sea. Legal restrictions notwithstanding, the two variants are often treated as interchangeable in practice.
Image | Name | Design | Use |
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Flag of the Republic of Poland | Horizontal bicolor of white and red Proportion 5:8 |
![]() National flag, inland ensign |
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Flag with coat of arms of the Republic of Poland | Horizontal bicolor of white and red defaced with the arms of Poland in the white stripe Proportion 5:8 |
![]() Polish embassies, consulates etc.; civilian airplanes during international flights; civilian airports and heliports; civil and state ensign |
Military flags
Rank flags used in all branches of the Armed Forces
Originally used only by the Navy, the use of these rank flags was extended in 2005 to all branches of the Armed Forces by an amendment to the relevant ministerial ordinance. They are flown to mark the presence and pay respect to the highest civilian and military authorities: the President of the Republic of Poland who is ex officio commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces; the Minister of National Defence who acts on the commander-in-chief's behalf in peacetime; Marshal of Poland, the highest rank in the Polish army (no living holders since 1989); and the Chief of the General Staff.
Image | Name | Design | Use |
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Jack of the President of the Republic of Poland | Red flag emblazoned with the white eagle of the arms of Poland and bordered with a white wężyk generalski, an ornate wavy line used in the Polish military as a symbol of general's rank Proportion 5:6 |
On Navy vessels when the President is on board. On land when the President is present. |
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Flag of the Minister of National Defence | Swallow-tailed horizontal bicolor of white and red defaced in the white stripe with the arms of Poland and in the red stripe with a white anchor entwined with an S-shaped rope and a yellow cannon barrel in saltire Proportion 5:8 |
On Navy vessels when the Minister is on board. On land when the Minister is present. |
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Flag of a Marshal of Poland | Red flag with a double white border emblazoned with the Eagle of the Marshal of Poland holding two hetman's batons (buławy) in saltire Proportion 5:6 |
On Navy vessels when the Marshal is on board. On land when the Marshal is present. |
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Flag of the Chief of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces | Red flag with a double white border emblazoned with the Generals' Eagle Proportion 5:6 |
On Navy vessels when the Chief of the General Staff is on board. On land when the Chief of the General Staff is present. |