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21 Aug, 2019
By, Wikipedia

Governors Of Pennsylvania

The governor of Pennsylvania is the head of government of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, as well as commander-in-chief of the state's national guard.

The governor has a duty to enforce state laws and the power to approve or veto bills passed by the Pennsylvania General Assembly, as well as to convene the legislature. The governor may grant pardons except in cases of impeachment, but only when recommended by the Board of Pardons.

There have been seven presidents and 48 governors of Pennsylvania, with two governors (Robert E. Pattison and Gifford Pinchot) serving non-consecutive terms, totaling 55 terms in both offices. The longest term was that of the first governor, Thomas Mifflin, who served three full terms as governor in addition to two years as President of the Continental Congress. The shortest term belonged to John C. Bell Jr., who served only 19 days as acting governor after his predecessor, Edward Martin, resigned.

The current governor is Josh Shapiro, who took office on January 17, 2023.

Governors

Pennsylvania was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on December 12, 1787. Before it declared its independence, Pennsylvania was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Presidents of the Supreme Executive Council

The Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 created the Supreme Executive Council as the state's executive branch, with a president as its head. The president was chosen annually by the council, though with no specific term dates.

The constitution created the position of "vice-president", though no provision was made if the office of the president became vacant, which occurred four times later. Contemporary sources continue to label the chief executive in such times as the vice-president, without any notion of succeeding in the presidency. One acting president, George Bryan, was subsequently recognized later as a full-fledged governor, due to his acting as president for over six months.

Presidents of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania
No.		Term in office	Vice-President
1	Thomas Wharton Jr. (1735–1778)	March 5, 1777 – May 23, 1778 (died in office)	George Bryan
2	George Bryan (1731–1791)	May 23, 1778 – December 22, 1778 (left office)	acting as president
3	Joseph Reed (1741–1785)	December 22, 1778 – November 15, 1781 (term-limited)	George Bryan (resigned October 11, 1779)
			Matthew Smith (resigned November 15, 1779)
			William Moore
4	William Moore (1735–1793)	November 15, 1781 – November 7, 1782 (left office)	James Potter
5	John Dickinson (1732–1808)	November 7, 1782 – October 18, 1785 (term-limited)	James Ewing
			James Irvine (resigned October 10, 1785)
			Charles Biddle
6	Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790)	October 18, 1785 – November 5, 1788 (term-limited)	Charles Biddle
			Peter Muhlenberg (resigned October 14, 1788)
			David Redick
7	Thomas Mifflin (1744–1800)	November 5, 1788 – December 21, 1790 (became state governor)	George Ross

Governors of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

The 1790 constitution abolished the council and replaced the president with a governor, and established a three-year term for governor commencing on the third Tuesday of the December following the election, with governors not allowed to serve more than nine out of any twelve years. The 1838 constitution moved the start of the term to the third Tuesday of the January following the election, and allowed governors to only serve six out of any nine years. The 1874 constitution lengthened the term to four years, and prohibited governors from succeeding themselves. The current constitution of 1968 changed this to allow governors to serve two consecutive terms, with no lifetime limit.

Under the 1968 constitution, Milton Shapp was the first governor to serve two terms, and Tom Corbett was the first incumbent governor to lose a re-election bid.

If the office of governor becomes vacant through death, resignation, or conviction on impeachment, the lieutenant governor becomes governor for the remainder of the term; if the office is only temporarily vacant due to disability of the governor, the lieutenant governor only acts out the duties of governor. Should both offices be vacant, the president pro tempore of the state senate becomes governor. The position of a lieutenant governor was created in the 1874 constitution; prior to then, the speaker of the senate would act as governor in cases of vacancy. Originally, the lieutenant governor could only act as governor; it was not until the 1968 constitution that the lieutenant governor could actually become the sitting governor in that fashion. The office of governor has been vacant for an extended period once before, a 17-day gap in 1848 between the resignation of the previous governor and the swearing in of his acting successor. Governors and lieutenant governors are elected on the same political party ticket.

Governors of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
No.		Term in office	Party	Election	Lt. Governor
1	Thomas Mifflin (1744–1800)	December 21, 1790 – December 17, 1799 (term-limited)	None	1790	Office did not exist
			Democratic- Republican	1793
			Democratic- Republican	1796
2	Thomas McKean (1734–1817)	December 17, 1799 – December 20, 1808 (term-limited)	Democratic- Republican	1799
				1802
				1805
3	Simon Snyder (1759–1819)	December 20, 1808 – December 16, 1817 (term-limited)	Democratic- Republican	1808
				1811
				1814
4	William Findlay (1768–1846)	December 16, 1817 – December 19, 1820 (lost election)	Democratic- Republican	1817
5	Joseph Hiester (1752–1832)	December 19, 1820 – December 16, 1823 (did not run)	Democratic- Republican	1820
6	John Andrew Shulze (1775–1852)	December 16, 1823 – December 15, 1829 (did not run)	Democratic- Republican	1823
6	John Andrew Shulze (1775–1852)	December 16, 1823 – December 15, 1829 (did not run)	Democratic- Republican	1826
7	George Wolf (1777–1840)	December 15, 1829 – December 15, 1835 (lost election)	Democratic- Republican	1829
7	George Wolf (1777–1840)	December 15, 1829 – December 15, 1835 (lost election)	Democratic- Republican	1832
8	Joseph Ritner (1780–1869)	December 15, 1835 – January 15, 1839 (lost election)	Anti-Masonic	1835
9	David R. Porter (1788–1867)	January 15, 1839 – January 21, 1845 (term-limited)	Democratic	1838
9	David R. Porter (1788–1867)	January 15, 1839 – January 21, 1845 (term-limited)	Democratic	1841
10	Francis R. Shunk (1788–1848)	January 21, 1845 – July 9, 1848 (resigned)	Democratic	1844
10	Francis R. Shunk (1788–1848)	January 21, 1845 – July 9, 1848 (resigned)	Democratic	1847
11	William F. Johnston (1808–1872)	July 9, 1848 – January 20, 1852 (lost election)	Whig	Speaker of the Senate acting
11	William F. Johnston (1808–1872)	July 9, 1848 – January 20, 1852 (lost election)	Whig	1848
12	William Bigler (1814–1880)	January 20, 1852 – January 16, 1855 (lost election)	Democratic	1851
13	James Pollock (1810–1890)	January 16, 1855 – January 19, 1858 (did not run)	Whig	1854
14	William F. Packer (1807–1870)	January 19, 1858 – January 15, 1861 (did not run)	Democratic	1857
15	Andrew Gregg Curtin (d. 1894)	January 15, 1861 – January 15, 1867 (term-limited)	Republican	1860
15	Andrew Gregg Curtin (d. 1894)	January 15, 1861 – January 15, 1867 (term-limited)	Republican	1863
16	John W. Geary (1819–1873)	January 15, 1867 – January 21, 1873 (term-limited)	Republican	1866
16	John W. Geary (1819–1873)	January 15, 1867 – January 21, 1873 (term-limited)	Republican	1869
17	John F. Hartranft (1830–1889)	January 21, 1873 – January 21, 1879 (term-limited)	Republican	1872
17	John F. Hartranft (1830–1889)	January 21, 1873 – January 21, 1879 (term-limited)	Republican	1875		John Latta
18	Henry M. Hoyt (1830–1892)	January 21, 1879 – January 16, 1883 (term-limited)	Republican	1878		Charles Warren Stone
19	Robert E. Pattison (1850–1904)	January 16, 1883 – January 18, 1887 (term-limited)	Democratic	1882		Chauncey Forward Black
20	James A. Beaver (1837–1914)	January 18, 1887 – January 20, 1891 (term-limited)	Republican	1886		William T. Davies
19	Robert E. Pattison (1850–1904)	January 20, 1891 – January 15, 1895 (term-limited)	Democratic	1890		Louis Arthur Watres
21	Daniel H. Hastings (1849–1903)	January 15, 1895 – January 17, 1899 (term-limited)	Republican	1894		Walter Lyon
22	William A. Stone (1846–1920)	January 17, 1899 – January 20, 1903 (term-limited)	Republican	1898		John P. S. Gobin
23	Samuel W. Pennypacker (1843–1916)	January 20, 1903 – January 15, 1907 (term-limited)	Republican	1902		William M. Brown
24	Edwin Sydney Stuart (1853–1937)	January 15, 1907 – January 17, 1911 (term-limited)	Republican	1906		Robert S. Murphy
25	John K. Tener (1863–1946)	January 17, 1911 – January 19, 1915 (term-limited)	Republican	1910		John Merriman Reynolds
26	Martin Grove Brumbaugh (1862–1930)	January 19, 1915 – January 21, 1919 (term-limited)	Republican	1914		Frank B. McClain
27	William Cameron Sproul (1870–1928)	January 21, 1919 – January 16, 1923 (term-limited)	Republican	1918		Edward E. Beidleman
28	Gifford Pinchot (1865–1946)	January 16, 1923 – January 18, 1927 (term-limited)	Republican	1922		David J. Davis
29	John Stuchell Fisher (1867–1940)	January 18, 1927 – January 20, 1931 (term-limited)	Republican	1926		Arthur James
28	Gifford Pinchot (1865–1946)	January 20, 1931 – January 15, 1935 (term-limited)	Republican	1930		Edward C. Shannon
30	George Howard Earle III (1890–1974)	January 15, 1935 – January 17, 1939 (term-limited)	Democratic	1934		Thomas Kennedy
31	Arthur James (1883–1973)	January 17, 1939 – January 19, 1943 (term-limited)	Republican	1938		Samuel S. Lewis
32	Edward Martin (1879–1967)	January 19, 1943 – January 2, 1947 (resigned)	Republican	1942		John C. Bell Jr.
33	John C. Bell Jr. (1892–1974)	January 2, 1947 – January 21, 1947 (successor took office)	Republican	Succeeded from lieutenant governor	Vacant
34	James H. Duff (1883–1969)	January 21, 1947 – January 16, 1951 (term-limited)	Republican	1946		Daniel Strickler
35	John S. Fine (1893–1978)	January 16, 1951 – January 18, 1955 (term-limited)	Republican	1950		Lloyd H. Wood
36	George M. Leader (1918–2013)	January 18, 1955 – January 20, 1959 (term-limited)	Democratic	1954		Roy E. Furman
37	David L. Lawrence (1889–1966)	January 20, 1959 – January 15, 1963 (term-limited)	Democratic	1958		John Morgan Davis
38	William Scranton (1917–2013)	January 15, 1963 – January 17, 1967 (term-limited)	Republican	1962		Raymond P. Shafer
39	Raymond P. Shafer (1917–2006)	January 17, 1967 – January 19, 1971 (term-limited)	Republican	1966		Raymond J. Broderick
40	Milton Shapp (1912–1994)	January 19, 1971 – January 16, 1979 (term-limited)	Democratic	1970		Ernest Kline
40	Milton Shapp (1912–1994)	January 19, 1971 – January 16, 1979 (term-limited)	Democratic	1974		Ernest Kline
41	Dick Thornburgh (1932–2020)	January 16, 1979 – January 20, 1987 (term-limited)	Republican	1978		William Scranton III
41	Dick Thornburgh (1932–2020)	January 16, 1979 – January 20, 1987 (term-limited)	Republican	1982		William Scranton III
42	Bob Casey Sr. (1932–2000)	January 20, 1987 – January 17, 1995 (term-limited)	Democratic	1986		Mark Singel
42	Bob Casey Sr. (1932–2000)	January 20, 1987 – January 17, 1995 (term-limited)	Democratic	1990		Mark Singel
43	Tom Ridge (b. 1945)	January 17, 1995 – October 5, 2001 (resigned)	Republican	1994		Mark Schweiker
43	Tom Ridge (b. 1945)	January 17, 1995 – October 5, 2001 (resigned)	Republican	1998		Mark Schweiker
44	Mark Schweiker (b. 1953)	October 5, 2001 – January 21, 2003 (did not run)	Republican	Succeeded from lieutenant governor		Robert Jubelirer
45	Ed Rendell (b. 1944)	January 21, 2003 – January 18, 2011 (term-limited)	Democratic	2002		Catherine Baker Knoll (died November 12, 2008)
				2006		Catherine Baker Knoll (died November 12, 2008)
				2006		Joe Scarnati (acting)
46	Tom Corbett (b. 1949)	January 18, 2011 – January 20, 2015 (lost election)	Republican	2010		Jim Cawley
47	Tom Wolf (b. 1948)	January 20, 2015 – January 17, 2023 (term-limited)	Democratic	2014		Mike Stack
				2018		John Fetterman (resigned January 3, 2023)
				2018		Kim Ward (acting)
48	Josh Shapiro (b. 1973)	January 17, 2023 – Incumbent	Democratic	2022		Austin Davis

Notes

^ Four vice-presidents acted as president at various times; however, Bryan's lengthy term has caused his term to since be recognized as being equivalent to president. Contemporary sources listed him only as vice president, acting out the duties of president.
^ Members of the executive council who served three successive years were ineligible to hold the office for four years afterward.
^ The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1873, first being filled in 1875.
^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
^ Under the 1790 constitution, governors were ineligible to hold the office longer than nine in any term of twelve years.
^ The Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties jointly nominated Mifflin, but he himself carried no party label.
^ Dubin and Kallenbach label McKean a Democratic-Republican for 1799 and 1802, and an Independent Democratic-Republican for 1805.
^ Hiester is labeled an Independent Republican by Dubin, and an Independent Democratic-Republican and Federalist by Glashan.
^ Under the 1838 constitution, governors were ineligible to hold the office longer than six in any term of nine years.
^ Shunk resigned due to illness; he died of tuberculosis 11 days later.
^ Shunk resigned on July 9, and as Speaker of the Senate, Johnston became acting governor. He arrived in Harrisburg to be formally sworn in on July 26.
^ Pollock also represented the American Party.
^ Under the 1874 constitution, governors were ineligible to the office for the next succeeding term.
^ Martin resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
^ Under a 1967 amendment to the constitution, governors may succeed themselves for one additional term.
^ Singel acted as governor from June 14 to December 21, 1993, while Casey recovered from a heart-liver transplant.
^ Ridge resigned, having been appointed Director of the Office of Homeland Security.
^ Represented the Republican Party
^ Shapiro's first term will expire on January 19, 2027.

References

General

"Former Pennsylvania Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 11, 2023.
Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. III. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
Dubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1439-0.
Dubin, Michael J. (2014). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5646-8.
Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6.
"Our Campaigns - Governor of Pennsylvania - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.

Specific

^ "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries". The Council of State Governments. June 25, 2013. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
^ PA Constitution article IV, § 7
^ PA Constitution article IV, § 15
^ PA Constitution article IV, § 12
^ PA Constitution article IV, § 9
^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Pennsylvania; December 12, 1787". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on November 5, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
^ 1776 Constitution § 3
^ 1776 Constitution § 19
^ "Thomas Wharton". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
^ Smull, William P. (1885). Smull's Legislative Hand Book and Manual of the State of Pennsylvania. p. 360.
^ "George Bryan". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
^ "Joseph Reed". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
^ Kallenbach 1977, p. 490.
^ "1776 Pa. Const. § 19". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
^ "William Moore". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
^ "John Dickinson". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
^ "Benjamin Franklin". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1293–1294.
^ "Thomas Mifflin". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 11, 2023.
^ 1790 Constitution article II, § 1
^ 1790 Constitution article IV, § 3
^ 1838 Constitution article II, § 3
^ 1874 Constitution article IV, § 3
^ PA Constitution article IV, § 3
^ PA Constitution article IV, § 13
^ PA Constitution article IV, § 14
^ "Executive Branch of the Several States". The Green Papers. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
^ "A Proclamation". Dunlap and Claypoole's American Daily Advertiser. December 24, 1790. p. 3. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "1790 Pa. Const. art. II, § 3". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
^ Lampi, Philip. "Pennsylvania 1790 Governor". A New Nation Votes. Tufts University. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
^ Glashan 1979, p. 260.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1294–1296.
^ "Thomas McKean". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "A Proclamation". The Gleaner. December 31, 1799. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Dubin 2003, p. 216.
^ Kallenbach 1977, pp. 493–494.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1296–1297.
^ "Simon Snyder". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "A Proclamation". Lancaster Intelligencer. December 27, 1808. p. 3. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Kallenbach 1977, pp. 491–493.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1297–1298.
^ "William Findlay". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "A Proclamation". Lancaster Intelligencer. December 20, 1817. p. 3. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1298–1299.
^ "Joseph Hiester". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Inauguration of the Governor". The Philadelphia Inquirer. December 21, 1820. p. 2. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Dubin 2003, p. 219.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1299–1301.
^ "John Andrew Shulze". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Pennsylvania Legislature". York Gazette. December 23, 1823. p. 2. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1301–1302.
^ "George Wolf". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Legislature". Pennsylvania Republican. December 22, 1829. p. 2. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1302–1303.
^ "Joseph Ritner". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "none". The Lancaster Examiner. December 17, 1835. p. 3. Retrieved June 13, 2023. Mr. Ritner, being then proclaimed by the Speaker to be the Governor of the Commonwealth...
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1303–1304.
^ "David Rittenhouse Porter". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Correspondence of the National Gazette". The Philadelphia Inquirer. January 17, 1839. p. 2. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ "1838 Pa. Const. art. II, § 3". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1305.
^ "Francis Rawn Shunk". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "The Inauguration of Gov. Shunk". The Chambersburg Times. January 27, 1845. p. 2. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1306.
^ "William Freame Johnston". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "none". The Lancaster Examiner. July 12, 1848. p. 2. Retrieved October 1, 2023. By the resignation of Gov. Shunk, the Hon. Wm. F. Johnston, of Armstrong, Speaker of the Senate, will officiate as Governor until the inauguration of a new governor on the third Tuesday in January next.
^ "From Harrisburg". Public Ledger. July 19, 1848. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ "Governor Johnston Sworn into Office". Public Ledger. July 27, 1848. p. 2. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1307–1308.
^ "William Bigler". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Inauguration of Gov. Bigler". Sunbury American. January 24, 1852. p. 2. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1308.
^ "James Pollock". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "The Inauguration of Hon. James Pollock". Carlisle Weekly Herald. January 17, 1855. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1309.
^ "William Fisher Packer". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Packer inaugurated January 19". Pittsburgh Daily Post. January 22, 1858. p. 2. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1310–1311.
^ "Andrew Gregg Curtin". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Inauguration of Gov. Curtin". The Philadelphia Inquirer. January 16, 1861. p. 2. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1311.
^ "John White Geary". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "The Inauguration of General Geary as Governor". Pittsburgh Weekly Gazette. January 16, 1867. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1312.
^ "John Frederick Hartranft". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Inauguration of Gen. Hartranft". Reading Times. January 22, 1873. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ "1874 Pa. Const. art. IV, § 3". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1312–1313.
^ "Henry Martyn Hoyt". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Governor Hoyt". The Philadelphia Inquirer. January 22, 1879. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1313–1314.
^ "Robert Emory Pattison". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "The Inauguration". Intelligencer Journal. January 17, 1883. p. 2. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1314–1315.
^ "James Addams Beaver". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Inauguration Day". Lancaster New Era. January 18, 1887. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ "Governor Pattison". The York Dispatch. January 20, 1891. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1315.
^ "Daniel Hartman Hastings". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Is Now Governor Hastings". Lebanon Daily News. January 15, 1895. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1316.
^ "William Alexis Stone". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Inauguration of Governor Stone". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. January 17, 1899. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1316–1317.
^ "Samuel Whitaker Pennypacker". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Pennypacker Takes Oath As Governor". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. January 20, 1903. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1317–1318.
^ "Edwin Sydney Stuart". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Edwin S. Stuart Inaugurated Governor To-Day at Harrisburg". Wilkes-Barre Times. January 15, 1907. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1318.
^ "John Kinley Tener". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "John K. Tener Now Governor". Warren Times Mirror. January 17, 1911. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1319.
^ "Martin Grove Brumbaugh". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Governor Brumbaugh Takes Oath Amid Great Throngs". Harrisburg Telegraph. January 19, 1915. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1319–1320.
^ "William Cameron Sproul". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "William C. Sproul Took Oath as Governor of State at Noon Today". Republican and Herald. United Press. January 21, 1919. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1320–1321.
^ "Gifford Pinchot". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Pinchot Is Sworn In As Governor of Pennsylvania; Will Do His Utmost to Enforce Prohibition in State". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. January 16, 1923. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1321–1322.
^ "John Stuchell Fisher". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ Williams, Thomas E. (January 18, 1927). "Fisher Assumes Office As Governor of State; Urges Separate Bureau for Anthracite Mines". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ "Pinchot Hits Utilities". Harrisburg Telegraph. January 20, 1931. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1322–1323.
^ "George Howard Earle". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Earle, Taking Oath As Governor, Flays Lobbyists and Wall Street". The Times Leader. Associated Press. January 16, 1935. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1323.
^ "Arthur Horace James". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "James Sworn In As Governor". Shamokin News-Dispatch. United Press. January 17, 1939. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1324.
^ "Edward Martin". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Indoor Ceremonial Marks Inaugural of Martin as Governor". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, the Evening News. Associated Press. January 19, 1943. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1325.
^ "John Cromwell Bell". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ Matthews, Frank M. (January 3, 1947). "Bell Sworn, Martin Goes to Capital". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1325–1326.
^ "James Henderson Duff". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "Duff Pledges Full Support for Industrial Peace Plan". Centre Daily Times. Associated Press. January 21, 1947. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1326–1327.
^ "John Sydney Fine". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ Miller, Joseph H. (January 17, 1951). "Fine Takes Oath; Pledges Policy of Pay-As-You-Go". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1327.
^ "George Michael Leader". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ "30,000 watch new governor assume office". The Times Leader. Associated Press. January 19, 1955. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1328.
^ "David Leo Lawrence". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ Holton, Bob (January 21, 1959). "Governor Asks Unity on Taxes". The Tribune. Associated Press. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1328–1329.
^ "William W. Scranton". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ Miller, Joseph H. (January 16, 1963). "Scranton Takes Oath with Unity Plea; 250,000 Roar Tribute to Governor". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1329–1330.
^ "Raymond Philip Shafer". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ Miller, Joseph H. (January 18, 1967). "Shafer Pledges 'Regime of Vision;' Noise and Color Mark Inauguration". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Sobel 1978, p. 1330.
^ "Milton Jerrold Shapp". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ Harris, Gene (January 20, 1971). "Shapp Takes Oath As Governor, Vows End to State Crisis". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ "Pa. Const. art. IV, § 3". Retrieved December 20, 2023.
^ "Dick Thornburgh". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ Dvorchak, Bob (January 17, 1979). "Thornburgh Pledges to Fulfill 'The Spirit of Pennsylvania'". The Times Leader. Associated Press. p. 1A. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ "Robert P. Casey". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ Stoffer, Harry (January 21, 1987). "Casey Pleads for Unity". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ Reeves, Tim (December 22, 1993). "Governor Returns to Office with Moving Speech, Plans for '94". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. A1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ "Tom Ridge". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ Eshleman Jr., Russell E.; Moran, Robert (January 18, 1995). "Ridge Sworn In As 43d Governor". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ "Mark Schweiker". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ Fitzgerald, Thomas; Worden, Amy (October 6, 2001). "Schweiker Sworn In As Pa. Governor". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ "Edward G. Rendell". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ Worden, Amy (January 22, 2003). "New Governor Asks Pa. To Face 'Short-Term Pain'". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ "Tom Corbett". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ Jackson, Peter (January 19, 2011). "Corbett Takes Oath As New Pa. Governor". Intelligencer Journal/Lancaster New Era. Associated Press. p. A1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ "Tom Wolf". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ Esack, Steve; Opilo, Emily (January 21, 2015). "All Together: Wolf Takes Oath As Governor with Calls for Unity". The Morning Call. p. A1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
^ "Josh Shapiro". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
^ Levy, Marc; Schultz, Brooke; Scolforo, Mark (January 18, 2023). "Shapiro Takes Oath of Office to Become Governor". Citizens' Voice. Associated Press. p. A1. Retrieved June 13, 2023.

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v t e Governors and presidents of Pennsylvania
Presidents (1777–1790)	Wharton Bryan Reed Moore Dickinson Franklin Mifflin
Governors (since 1790)	Mifflin McKean Snyder Findlay Hiester Shulze G. Wolf Ritner Porter Shunk Johnston Bigler Pollock Packer Curtin Geary Hartranft Hoyt Pattison Beaver Pattison Hastings Stone Pennypacker Stuart Tener Brumbaugh Sproul Pinchot Fisher Pinchot Earle James Martin Bell Duff Fine Leader Lawrence Scranton Shafer Shapp Thornburgh Casey Ridge Schweiker Rendell Corbett T. Wolf Shapiro

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v t e Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
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v t e John Dickinson
5th President of Pennsylvania, 1782–1785 5th President of Delaware, 1781–1783 Second Continental Congress, 1775–1776, 1779–1781 First Continental Congress, 1774 Stamp Act Congress, 1765
Founding of the United States	Declaration of Rights and Grievances (1765) Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (1767, 1768) "The Liberty Song" (1768 United we stand, divided we fall) Petition to the King (1774) Signee, Continental Association (1774) Pennsylvania Committee of Correspondence (1774–1776) "Letter to the inhabitants of the Province of Quebec" (1774) Olive Branch Petition (1775) Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms (co-wrote, 1775) Committee of Secret Correspondence (1775–1776) Model Treaty committee (1776) Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union (1776, drafting committee chairman) President, Annapolis Convention (1786) Delegate, Constitutional Convention (1787)
Other events	Brigadier General, Pennsylvania militia Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 Delaware Constitution of 1792
Life and homes	Mary Norris Dickinson (wife) Philemon Dickinson (brother) Early life Poplar Hall home Fair Hill estate Friends Burial Ground
Legacy	Dickinson College Dickinson School of Law, Pennsylvania State University John Dickinson High School 1776 (1969 musical, 1972 film) John Adams (2008 miniseries) Sons of Liberty (2015 miniseries)
Related	Claymont Stone School American Revolution patriots Founding Fathers

v t e Benjamin Franklin
President of Pennsylvania (1785–1788) Ambassador to France (1779–1785) Second Continental Congress (1775–1776)
Founding of the United States	Join, or Die. (1754 political cartoon) Albany Plan of Union Albany Congress Hutchinson letters affair Committee of Secret Correspondence Committee of Five "...to be self-evident" Declaration of Independence Model Treaty Franco-American alliance Treaty of Amity and Commerce Treaty of Alliance Staten Island Peace Conference 1776 Pennsylvania Constitution Libertas Americana Treaty of Paris, 1783 Delegate, 1787 Constitutional Convention Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly Postmaster General Founding Fathers
Inventions, other events	Franklin's electrostatic machine Bifocals Franklin stove Glass armonica Gulf Stream exploration, naming, and chart Lightning rod Kite experiment Pay it forward Associators 111th Infantry Regiment Junto club American Philosophical Society Library Company of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Hospital Academy and College of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Contributionship Union Fire Company Early American currency Continental Currency dollar coin Fugio cent United States Postal Service Street lighting President, Pennsylvania Abolition Society Master, Les Neuf Sœurs Gravesite
Writings	The Papers of Benjamin Franklin Founders Online Silence Dogood letters (1722) A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain (1725) The Busy-Body columns (1729) The Pennsylvania Gazette (1729–1790) Early American publishers and printers Poor Richard's Almanack (1732–1758) The Drinker's Dictionary (1737) "Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress" (1745) "The Speech of Polly Baker" (1747) Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc. (1751) Experiments and Observations on Electricity (1751) Birch letters (1755) The Way to Wealth (1758) Pennsylvania Chronicle (1767) Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One (1773) Proposed alliance with the Iroquois (1775) A Letter to a Royal Academy (1781) Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America (1784) "The Morals of Chess" (1786) An Address to the Public (1789) A Plan for Improving the Condition of the Free Blacks (1789) The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (1771–1790, pub. 1791) Bagatelles and Satires (pub. 1845) Franklin as a journalist Franklin's phonetic alphabet
Legacy	Bibliography Franklin Court Benjamin Franklin House Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology Benjamin Franklin Parkway Benjamin Franklin National Memorial Franklin Institute awards medal Benjamin Franklin Medal Royal Society of Arts medal Depicted in The Apotheosis of Washington Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence Treaty of Paris (1783 painting) Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky (1816 painting) Revolutionary War Door Boston statue Chicago statue Columbus, Ohio, statue University of Pennsylvania statue Portland, Oregon, statue San Francisco statue Stanford University statue Washington D.C. statue Jefferson Memorial pediment Refunding Certificate Franklin half dollar One-hundred-dollar bill Franklin silver dollar Washington–Franklin stamps other stamps Cities, counties, schools named for Franklin Benjamin Franklin College Franklin Field Mount Franklin State of Franklin Sons of Ben (Philadelphia Union) Ships named USS Franklin Ben Franklin effect
In popular culture	Ben and Me (1953 short) Ben Franklin in Paris (1964 musical play) 1776 (1969 musical 1972 film) Benjamin Franklin (miniseries) (1972) A More Perfect Union (1989 film) Liberty! (1997 documentary series) Liberty's Kids (2002 animated series) Benjamin Franklin (2002 documentary series) John Adams (2008 miniseries) Sons of Liberty (2015 miniseries) Benjamin Franklin (2022 documentary) Franklin (2024 miniseries)
Related	Age of Enlightenment American Enlightenment The New-England Courant The American Museum magazine American Revolution patriots Syng inkstand
Family	Deborah Read (wife) William Franklin (son) Francis Franklin (son) Sarah Franklin Bache (daughter) William Franklin (grandson) Benjamin F. Bache (grandson) Louis F. Bache (grandson) Richard Bache Jr. (grandson) Andrew Harwood (great-grandson) Alexander Bache (great-grandson) Josiah Franklin (father) James Franklin (brother) Jane Mecom (sister) Mary Morrell Folger (grandmother) Peter Folger (grandfather) Richard Bache (son-in-law) Ann Smith Franklin (sister-in-law)
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