Aninoasa (Hungarian: Aninósza or Aninószabányatelep) is a town in Hunedoara County in the Transylvania region of Romania. The town is located in the Jiu Valley, which is a coal basin, and many of the towns residents are coal miners. Aninoasa administers one village, Iscroni (Alsóbarbatyeniszkrony). It officially became a town in 1989, as a result of the Romanian rural systematization program.

The town is situated near the confluence of both headwater rivers (Jiul de Vest and Jiul de Est) of the Jiu, north of the Vâlcan Mountains and in the eastern foothills of the Retezat Mountains. Most of the town was built along Aninoasa creek, and the town is actually separated into two areas by the Jiul de Vest. "Anin" means "alder tree" in Romanian.

Aninoasa is located at the southern extremity of Hunedoara County, about 98 km (61 mi) from the county seat, Deva, on the border with Gorj County. The village of Iscroni is crossed by national road DN66A [ro], which leads west to Vulcan, 5 km (3.1 mi) away, and Lupeni, 11 km (6.8 mi) away, and east to European route E79 and the city of Petroșani, 7 km (4.3 mi) to the northeast.

The Iscroni train station serves the CFR Line 214, a 17 km (11 mi) railway from Livezeni (in Petroșani) to Lupeni.

Aninoasa is the oldest town in Hunedoara County, being mentioned as far back as 1453 AD.

At the 2021 census, the town had a pupation of 3,369. At the 2011 census, 88.18% of inhabitants were Romanians, 7.1% Roma, and 4.18% Hungarians.

• Nicolae Guță (born 1967), musician
• Nicolae Ionescu (1949–1997), footballer
• Ștefania Stănilă (born 1997), artistic gymnast
• Andrei Stocker (born 1942), footballer

• Aninoasa coal mine

• Aninoasa City Site - Jiu Valley Portal - regional portal host of the official site
• Jiu Valley Portal - Romania's principal coal mining region and a gateway to the Retezat National Park