Kalanwali is a town with a municipal committee in Sirsa district in the Indian state of Haryana. Being very near the Punjab border, most of the people in this area have Haryanvi, Hindi and Punjabi as their mother tongue.

As of 2001 India census, Kalanwali had a population of 25,155. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kalanwali has an average literacy rate of 64% higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 58%. In Kalanwali, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Due to its close proximity to the Punjab state, the majority of Kalanwali's population communicates in Punjabi, with a small fraction conversing in Hindi or the Bagri dialect.There are three Gurudwaras in town. The first, Singh Sabha Gurudwara, is located directly across from the Railway station and is believed to have been constructed around 1960. The second, Kalagidhar Sahib Gurudwara, is situated at the far end of the town. The third one is in the village of Kalanwali. Kalanwali boasts several temples, including the Hanuman Temple on Dabwali Road, Durga Temple in Khuh-wala Bajar, Shree Shani Dev Temple on Railway Road, Kanya Samarak Durga Mandir, and Shiv Badi. Additionally, there is a Dera in Jagmalwali, situated 7 km from Kalanwali town. A notable site is the 'Samaadh' called Nooniya Peer, situated around 4 km outside Kalanwali, where people hold a belief and make offerings of salt.

The vicinity around Kalanwali is renowned for its cultivation of cotton, wheat, and vegetables. The primary occupations of Kalanwali's residents are farming and trading. The majority of the population communicates in Punjabi, with Hindi or Bagri (Haryanvi) also spoken by a small fraction of Kalanwali's inhabitants. Adjacent to Kalanwali town is Kalanwali village, where a prevalent concern among the villagers is the absence of even semi-solid roads or streets. Despite many minor villages in the vicinity having well-constructed streets, Kalanwali village continues to contend with dusty and muddy pathways. Although surrounded by rivers and canals, Kalanwali faces intermittent challenges in water supply, affecting both drinking and irrigation needs.

Kalanwali has 3 government schools and a Government college . One for primary education, one for girls and another one is common for boys & girls. Apart from having two fully government aided schools and a Vocational Training college, Kalanwali has a few private schools as well. The Millennium School, Bishna Mal Jain Saraswati Vidya Mandir, MPDDAV Senior Secondary School, S.S.D Sr. Sec. School, Satluj High School, Swett Arya High school, Evergreen Royal Public School are the major schools providing their services. Shaheed Bhagat Singh College is providing its Services.

Kalanwali is connected to major railway junctions Delhi and Bathinda by Railway line. Main railway stations between Kalanwali and Delhi are Sirsa, Aadampur, Hisar, Hansi, Bhiwani, Rohtak, Bahadurgarh. Kalanwali is connected to nearby locations by bus as well. Bathinda is nearest domestic airport whereas Delhi, Chandigarh are the nearest International airports from Kalanwali. A basic taxi service is available on hire for commuting to near and faraway places. Major up gradation work was started in 2011 to uplift the basic amenities at the railway station as a new rail link between Dabwali and Kalanwali was proposed in the Rail budget 2009–10 to connect Sirsa with Dabwali Via Kalanwali, Though this work was first partly hampered and then completely stopped later on due to an uninterested political lobby and policies contributing to sluggish implementation.

Kalanwali is surrounded by villages including Kurangawali, Chakerian, Jalalana, Chormar, Odhan, AnandGarh, Kheowali, Rohiranwali, Taruana, Desu, Phaggu, Desu Malkana, Pipli, Jagmalwali, Panniwala Ruldu, Takhatmal, Sukhchain, Tirlokewala, Dadu Sahib, Pucca Shahidan, Kewal, Kanakwal, and Rama Mandi. There are around 40 villages surrounding Kalanwali. Takhat Siri Damdma Sahib is about 25 km from Kalanwali.

Kalanwali has the branches of State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, The Sirsa Co-operative Bank, The Sarv Haryana Gramin Bank, HDFC Bank, Axis Bank, UCO Bank, Union Bank of India, ICICI Bank and Punjab & Sind Bank. Currently State Bank of India, OBC bank, ICICI Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank, Uco Bank and HDFC Bank provides ATM services in the town.

Kalanwali has several markets. These are Doctor Market, Mobile Market, Bhagat Singh Market, Sabji Mandi, grain market etc. Kalanwali has its own market to trade cotton, wheat, gwar, barley and more. For this purpose it has its own grain market held in the town. The government has passed a new grain market on Dabwali Road near Bishna Mal Jain Saraswati Vidya Mandir School. It has also a vegetable market near the railway crossing and in the old town.