Oskaloosa Township is a township in Jefferson County, Kansas, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 2,142.

Oskaloosa Township covers an area of 57.61 square miles (149.21 square kilometers); of this, 0.1 square miles (0.25 square kilometers) or 0.17 percent is water. The streams of Burr Oak Branch, Honey Creek, and Little Buck Creek run through this township.

• Oskaloosa (the county seat)

• Jefferson Township (northeast)
• Union Township (east)
• Sarcoxie Township (southeast)
• Rural Township (south)
• Kentucky Township (southwest)
• Fairview Township (west)
• Ozawkie Township (west)

The township contains two cemeteries: Pleasant View and Plum Grove.

• U.S. Route 59
• K-16
• K-92

• Flying T Airport
• Shomin Airport

• U.S. Board on Geographic Names (GNIS)
• United States Census Bureau cartographic boundary files

• US-Counties.com
• City-Data.com