Vrancea (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈvrant͡ʃe̯a]) is a county (județ) in Romania, with its seat at Focșani. It is mostly in the historical region of Moldavia but the southern part, below the Milcov River, is in Muntenia.

At the 2021 census, the county had a population of 335,312 and a population density of 69.0/km (178.8/sq mi).

• Romanians – over 98%
• Romani, others – c. 2%.

Year	County population
1948	290,183
1956	326,532
1966	351,292
1977	369,740
1992	392,651
2002	387,632
2011	340,310
2021	335,312

Vrancea County covers an area of 4,857 km (1,875 sq mi). A curvedly shaped mountainous area, known in Romanian as the Carpații de Curbură, lies in the western part of the county, at the Southern end of the Eastern Carpathians, with heights over 1,400 m (4,600 ft). To the East, the heights decrease into hilly areas and the lower valley of the Siret River.

The main tributary of the Siret, which crosses the county, is the Putna River. A right tributary of the Putna is the Milcov, a river that divides Moldavia from Muntenia.

The territory of Vrancea County is the most seismically active zone of Romania, with yearly earthquakes whose focal depths are between 80 and 160 km (50 and 99 mi) and therefore affect wide regions.

The earthquakes with the epicenter in Vrancea are caused by the movements of the nearby fault blocks. Devastating earthquakes measuring 7 to 8 on the Richter scale have been recorded.

The deadliest were the 1977 Vrancea earthquake, which killed over 1,500 people in Romania and Bulgaria, and the 1940 Vrancea earthquake which killed over 1,000 people. The most powerful was the 1802 Vrancea earthquake with an estimated intensity of 7.9 on the moment magnitude scale, but which killed only 4 people. Other notable earthquakes were the 1738 Vrancea earthquake, the 1838 Vrancea earthquake and the 1986 Vrancea earthquake.

• Vaslui County and Galați County to the East.
• Covasna County to the West.
• Bacău County to the North.
• Buzău County to the South and Brăila County to the South-East.

The county is famous for its wines, being the biggest wine producer in Romania. Over 11% of the county surface is covered with vines. The county's best known wine regions are Panciu – 8,100 ha (20,000 acres), Odobești – 7,000 ha (17,000 acres), and Cotești.

In addition, the county's main industries are the following:

• Foods and beverages;
• Textiles;
• Paper manufacturing and furniture making;
• Mechanical parts and components;
• Cookware and bakeware production.

County's main destinations:

• The city of Focșani;
• Vrancea Mountains;
• Soveja resort;
• Tulnici – Lepșa – Greșu tourist areas;
• Eternal Fire (Focul viu in Romanian) in Andreiașu;
• Wine tasting and sales around Panciu, Odobești, and Cotești;
• The Mausoleum at Mărășești;
• Putna-Vrancea Natural Park.

The Vrancea County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 32 counsellors, with the following party composition:

	Party	Seats	Current County Council
	PNL-USR PLUS Alliance	17
	Social Democratic Party (PSD)	15

Vrancea County has 2 municipalities, 3 towns and 68 communes

• Municipalities
  • Adjud
  • Focșani – county seat; population: 66,719 (as of 2021)
• Towns
  • Mărășești
  • Odobești
  • Panciu

• Battle of Mărășești

• Portal of Vrancea County
• Vrancea.com.ro Trecut, prezent și viitor / Past, present and future
• www.carnivoremari.ro Large carnivore protection in Vrancea county
• www.carnivoremari.ro/rezervatii Protected areas from the Vrancea mountains Archived 2008-06-04 at the Wayback Machine
• Vrancea Online - Vrancea County's start page on the Internet