Loading
  • 21 Aug, 2019

  • By, Wikipedia

List Of Armed Conflicts In 2022

The following is a list of ongoing armed conflicts that are taking place around the world.

Criteria

Stacked bar chart, one stack per year
Conflict deaths in the 17 deadliest conflicts 2015–2020

This list of ongoing armed conflicts identifies present-day conflicts and the death toll associated with each conflict. The criteria of inclusion are the following:

  • Armed conflicts consist in the use of armed force between two or more organized armed groups, governmental or non-governmental. Interstate, intrastate and non-state armed conflicts are listed.
  • Fatality figures include battle-related deaths (military and civilian) as well as civilians intentionally targeted by the parties to an armed conflict. Only direct deaths resulting from violence are included for the current and previous year; excess deaths indirectly resulting from famine, disease, or disruption of services are included along with violent deaths in the cumulative fatalities count when available.
  • Listed conflicts have at least 100 cumulative deaths in total and at least 1 death in current or in the past calendar year.
  • Fatality totals may be inaccurate or unavailable due to a lack of information. A figure with a plus symbol, indicates that at least that many people have died (e.g. 455+ indicates that at least 455 people have died).
  • Location refers to the states where the main violence takes place, not to the warring parties. Italics indicate disputed territories and unrecognized states.
  • A territorial dispute or a protest movement which has not experienced deliberate and systematic deaths due to state or paramilitary violence is not considered to be an armed conflict.

The 5 conflicts in the following list have caused at least 10,000 direct, violent deaths per year in battles between identified groups, in the current or previous calendar year.

Start of
conflict
Conflict Continent Location Cumulative fatalities 2024 fatalities 2025 fatalities
1948 Asia  Myanmar 28,672–180,000+ 18,980
1948 Asia  Israel
 Palestine
 Lebanon
 Syria
 Iraq
 Iran
 Yemen
242,000–246,000+ 29,898
2002 Africa  Burkina Faso
 Mali
 Niger
 Benin
 Togo
 Algeria
 Tunisia
 Chad
 Ivory Coast
 Mauritania
 Ghana
 Nigeria
 Cameroon
 Morocco
 Libya
70,000+ 13,806
2014 Europe  Russia
 Ukraine
172,226–350,000+ 72,597
2023 Sudanese civil war Africa  Sudan 100,000–150,000 14,105

The 14 conflicts in the following list have caused at least 1,000 and fewer than 10,000 direct, violent deaths in the current or previous calendar year. Conflicts causing at least 1,000 deaths in one calendar year are considered wars by the Uppsala Conflict Data Program.

Start of
conflict
Conflict Continent Location Cumulative fatalities 2024 fatalities 2025 fatalities
1964 South America  Colombia
 Venezuela
 Ecuador
43,000455,500+ 2,104
1978 Asia  Afghanistan
 Pakistan
317,0002,633,468+ 1,244
1991 Africa  Somalia
 Somaliland
 Kenya
359,3001,000,000+ 5,930
1998 Africa  Nigeria 98,300+ 1,750
2004 Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Asia  Pakistan 47,30061,549+ 1,743
2004 Africa  Democratic Republic of the Congo
 Rwanda
 Burundi
 Uganda
103,500+ 4,234
2006 North America  Mexico 127,000-407,000 7,921
2008 Africa  Sudan
 South Sudan
388,200400,000+ 1,029
2009 Africa  Nigeria
 Cameroon
 Niger
 Chad
373,100 6,327
2011 Asia  Syria 410,000619,000+ 6,232
2014 Asia  Yemen
 Saudi Arabia
 United Arab Emirates
 Israel
380,300 1,690
2017 Anglophone Crisis Africa  Cameroon
 Nigeria
7,000+ 2,035
2018 Africa  Ethiopia 500,000600,000+ 9,985
2020 North America  Haiti 1,73110,000+ 5,350

The 20 conflicts in the following list have caused at least 100, and fewer than 1,000, direct, violent deaths in the current or previous calendar year.

Start of
conflict
Conflict Continent Location Cumulative fatalities 2024 fatalities 2025 fatalities
1918 Asia  Iran
 Iraq
15,200–58,000+ 352
1943 Jamaican political conflict North America  Jamaica 1,400+ 316
1947 Asia  India
 Pakistan
200,700–2,000,000
650
1948 Asia  Pakistan
 Iran
21,400+ 850
1954 Asia  India
 Myanmar
 Bhutan
40,500 510
1962 Papua conflict Asia  Indonesia 100,100–500,000 149
1967 Naxalite–Maoist insurgency Asia  India 13,100–14,369+ 300
1969 Asia  Philippines 165,500–213,000 400
1975 Cabinda War Africa  Angola 30,000 112
1988 Ethnic violence in Papua New Guinea Oceania  Papua New Guinea 15,000–20,000 316
1990's Armed conflict for control of favelas in Rio de Janeiro South America  Brazil 700–14,383 370
1999 Asia  Bangladesh 1,800+ 898
2003 Asia  Iraq 333,300–1,215,000+ 916
2003 Africa  Nigeria
 Cameroon
2,600 700
2011 Africa  Libya 30,000–43,000 138
2012 Central African Republic Civil War Africa  Central African Republic
 Cameroon
14,500+ 638
2016 Philippine drug war Asia  Philippines 32,200 224
2017 Insurgency in Cabo Delgado Africa  Mozambique
 Tanzania
6,300+ 600
2017 Europe  Russia
 Azerbaijan
160,000+ 204
2022 Honduran gang crackdown North America  Honduras 100+–700 479

The 15 conflicts in the following list have caused fewer than 100 direct, violent deaths in the current or previous calendar year.

Start of
conflict
Conflict Continent Location Cumulative fatalities 2024 fatalities 2025 fatalities
1921 Asia  Turkey
 Iraq
 Syria
120,100+ 55
1948 Korean conflict Asia  North Korea
 South Korea
3,000,000 30
1963 Katanga insurgency Africa  Democratic Republic of the Congo 3,400+ 1
1970 Africa  Morocco
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
14,000–21,000+ 41
1980 Peruvian conflict South America  Peru 70,000 43
1981 Africa  Egypt 6,000–7,353+ 12
1982 Casamance conflict Africa  Senegal 5,000+ 19
1987 Lord's Resistance Army insurgency Africa  Democratic Republic of the Congo
 Central African Republic
 South Sudan
100,000+ 1
1988 Asia  Armenia
 Azerbaijan
39,800–49,000+ 6
2004 South Thailand insurgency Asia  Thailand 7,294 46
2005 Insurgency in Paraguay South America  Paraguay 145+ 5
2016 Insurgency in Northern Chad Africa  Chad 644 4
2018 South America  Ecuador 14,218+ 72
2022 Salvadoran gang crackdown North America  El Salvador 235 22
2022 Western DR Congo clashes Africa  Democratic Republic of the Congo 230+ 78+

Deaths by country

Fatalities related to armed conflict, by country
Rank 2020 2021 2022 2023
Country Deaths Country Deaths Country Deaths Country Deaths
1  Mexico Positive decrease34,512  Afghanistan Negative increase42,223  Ethiopia Negative increase109,600+  Ukraine Positive decrease95,088+
2 Afghanistan Positive decrease30,974  Yemen Negative increase31,048  Ukraine Negative increase100,000+  Palestine Negative increase22,205+
3  Yemen Negative increase19,561  Ethiopia Negative increase22,800  Myanmar Negative increase20,206  Myanmar Positive decrease15,773
4  Syria Positive decrease7,620  Mexico Positive decrease18,811  Mexico Positive decrease14,254  Sudan Negative increase13,225
5  Nigeria Negative increase7,172  Myanmar Negative increase11,114  Yemen Positive decrease7,133  Nigeria Negative increase8,505
6  Democratic Republic of the Congo Negative increase6,162  Nigeria Negative increase9,687  Somalia Negative increase6,484  Burkina Faso Negative increase8,486
7  Azerbaijan (including Nagorno-Karabakh) Negative increase6,110  Democratic Republic of the Congo Negative increase6,283  Democratic Republic of the Congo Positive decrease6,254  Democratic Republic of the Congo Negative increase8,342
8  Somalia Negative increase2,950  Syria Positive decrease5,828  Syria Positive decrease5,639  Mexico Positive decrease7,168
9  Mali Negative increase2,734  Somalia Negative increase3,532  Mali Negative increase4,793  Syria Negative increase6,211
10  Iraq Negative increase2,436  Iraq Negative increase2,605  Burkina Faso Negative increase4,700  Mali Positive decrease4,285
11  Burkina Faso Negative increase2,268  Burkina Faso Negative increase2,358  Iraq Negative increase4,181  Democratic Republic of the Congo Positive decrease3,902
12  South Sudan Negative increase2,245  South Sudan Positive decrease1,986  Afghanistan Positive decrease3,930  Ethiopia Positive decrease3,830
13  Ethiopia Negative increase1,813  Mali Positive decrease1,911  Nigeria Positive decrease3,780  Yemen Positive decrease3,169
14  Mozambique Negative increase1,696  Central African Republic Negative increase1,704  Niger Negative increase3,000  Pakistan Negative increase2,116
15  Libya Positive decrease1,484  Sudan Negative increase1,584  Colombia Negative increase2,276  Haiti Negative increase2,014
16  Cameroon Negative increase1,447  Niger Negative increase1,454  South Sudan Positive decrease1,731  Colombia Positive decrease1,932
17  Philippines Negative increase1,316  Colombia Negative increase1,399  Sudan Positive decrease1,327  Israel Negative increase1,410
18  India Negative increase783  Mozambique Positive decrease1,194  Cameroon Negative increase943  Iraq Positive decrease1,335
19  Colombia Negative increase765  Cameroon Positive decrease790  Mozambique Positive decrease916  South Sudan Positive decrease1,240
20  Myanmar Negative increase650  Palestine Negative increase484  Pakistan Negative increase900  Cameroon Negative increase1,042

See also

Notes

  1. ^ 358,000–400,000 organized crime homicide victims
  2. ^ Combined estimated death tolls of each conflict since 2003
  3. ^ See Insurgency in Paraguay#Casualties
  4. ^ Data for African countries are based on ACLED, excluding riots/protests-related fatalities
  5. ^ Mainly homicides rather than battle-related casualties.

References

  1. ^ "How is the Term "Armed Conflict" Defined in International Humanitarian Law?" (PDF). International Committee of the Red Cross. March 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  2. ^ "Curated Data". Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project {ACLED}. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  3. ^ "UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program 2023". ucdp.uu.se. 31 May 2024. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  4. ^ "Modern Conflicts Database: Alternative Estimates for Death Tolls" (PDF). Political Economy Research Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011.
  5. ^ "ACLED Dashboard". Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  6. ^ Marshall, Monty G. (15 June 2017). "Major Episodes of Political Violence 1946–2019". Center for Systemic Peace. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  7. ^ "Health Ministry in Hamas-run Gaza Says War Death Toll at 27,585". Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  8. ^ "Authorities name 561 soldiers, 61 police officers killed in Gaza war". The Times of Israel. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  9. ^ "Another Palestinian killed in West Bank as toll rises to 343 since Oct. 7". Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  10. ^ "Death toll update | Three civilians including woman and her son killed in Israeli airstrikes on the vicinity of Aleppo international airport - the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights". 31 December 2023. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  11. ^ "Hezbollah Targets Israeli Base to Avenge Lebanon Killings". Archived from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  12. ^ "Human rights in Libya". Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  13. ^ "Algeria | Freedom House". Archived from the original on 16 November 2018.
  14. ^ "American commandos face complicated mission in Mali". 18 September 2017. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  15. ^ "Burkina junta breaks silence over massacre by men 'in army uniform'". 28 April 2023. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  16. ^ "Suspected jihadists kill hundreds in Burkina Faso attack". Reuters.
  17. ^ "Ukraine: Number of Deaths". Uppsala Conflict Data Program. 17 August 2024.
  18. ^ "Conflict-related civilian casualties in Ukraine" (PDF). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 27 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
  19. ^ "One Million Are Now Dead or Injured in the Russia-Ukraine War". The Wall Street Journal.
  20. ^ "Ukraine: protection if civilians in armed conflict August 2024 update" (PDF). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 6 September 2024.
  21. ^ "US Senate hears urgent plea from envoy to Sudan". dabanga. 2 May 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  22. ^ "Conflict Index 2024". Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED). Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  23. ^
  24. ^ "Definitions". Uppsala Conflict Data Program. Archived from the original on 25 October 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
  25. ^ "Colombia Truth Commission Gives Scathing Report on Civil War". Voice of America. 28 June 2022. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  26. ^
  27. ^ "Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls and Casualty Statistics for Wars, Dictatorships and Genocides". Necrometrics. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  28. ^ "Somali Civil War". theowp.org. 13 January 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  29. ^ "ACLED Version 6 (1997–2015)". Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  30. ^ John Campbell. "Nigeria Security Tracker". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  31. ^ "Social Violence in Nigeria". Connect SAIS Africa. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
  32. ^ "Nigeria: Police Lose 6 As Herdsmen Behead Woman, Kill 30 in 3 Years". allAfrica. 14 May 2015. Archived from the original on 14 May 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  33. ^ "ICON Launches New Report Proving Genocide in Nigeria". 3 August 2020. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  34. ^
  35. ^ "ACLED data". Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  36. ^ Karen Allen (30 November 2006). "Eastern DR Congo rebels to disarm". BBC News. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  37. ^ "UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program". ucdp.uu.se. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  38. ^ Mahamba, Fiston (8 December 2017). "Rebels kill 15 peacekeepers in Congo in worst attack on U.N. in recent". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  39. ^ "Realtime Data (2017)". ACLED. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  40. ^ "Mexico". ucdp.uu.se. UCDP – Uppsala Conflict Data Program. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  41. ^ "Opinión: Una guerra inventada y 350,000 muertos en México". Washington Post. 14 June 2021. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  42. ^
  43. ^ "Northeast Nigeria insurgency has killed almost 350,000 - UN". Reuters. 24 June 2021. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  44. ^ "Total death toll | Over 606,000 people killed across Syria since the beginning of the "Syrian Revolution", including 495,000 documented by SOHR". The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 1 June 2021. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  45. ^ "UN warns of catastrophic Yemen death toll". 24 November 2021. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  46. ^ Craig, Jess. "Violence in Cameroon's Anglophone crisis takes high civilian toll". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  47. ^ Geoffrey York (21 October 2022). "Surge of dehumanizing hate speech points to mounting risk of mass atrocities in northern Ethiopia, experts say". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  48. ^ "More than 2,400 killed in Haiti gang violence since January 1, says UN". 18 August 2023. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  49. ^ "Haiti". ucdp.uu.se. UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
  50. ^ "United Nations statistics underscore 'extreme brutality' of Haiti's gangs". Al Jazeera. 19 August 2023. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  51. ^ "More than 50,000 people flee Haiti capital due to rampant gang violence". France 24. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  52. ^ "The death toll in a gang attack on a Haitian town rises to at least 115". AP News. 9 October 2024.
  53. ^ "At least 150 people killed in Port-au-Prince in past week, says UN". Le Monde. 20 November 2024. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  54. ^ "Haiti gang massacres around 180 people, targeting elderly". Reuters. 9 December 2024.
  55. ^ "Over 207 executed in Port-au-Prince massacre: UN report". United Nations. 23 December 2024.
  56. ^ "KDPI leadership urges support for 'mountain struggle'". rudaw.net. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  57. ^
  58. ^ Kosinski, L.A.; Elahi, K.M. (2012). "1 Introduction". Population Redistribution and Development in South Asia. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 6. ISBN 978-9400953093. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  59. ^
  60. ^ "India - Northeast (1979 - first combat deaths)". Project Ploughshares. Archived from the original on 4 December 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  61. ^ "UNPO: West Papua: Indonesia Considering Addressing Past Atrocities". unpo.org. 2 November 2009. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  62. ^
  63. ^ "Guide to the Philippines conflict". BBC News. 10 August 2007. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
  64. ^ "Angola-Cabinda (1994–2006)". Project Ploughshares. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  65. ^ Braithwaite, John (2010). Reconciliation and Architectures of Commitment: Sequencing Peace in Bougainville. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: ANU Press. pp. 86–87. ISBN 9781921666681. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  66. ^ Kuku, Rebecca (25 October 2022). "More than 30 dead in tribal fighting on Papua New Guinea's 'island of love'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  67. ^ "Papua New Guinea Massacre: What to Know". 19 February 2024.
  68. ^ "Bala perdida ressurge com força e faz Rio reviver temor da década de 1990". noticias.uol.com.br.
  69. ^ "Brazil: Number of Deaths". UCDP (Uppsala Conflict Data Program). Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  70. ^ Saldanha, Rafael. "Ações policiais respondem por mais da metade dos baleados na Grande Rio em 2024, diz estudo". CNN Brasil.
  71. ^
  72. ^ Crawford, Neta (November 2018). "Human Cost of the Post-9/11 Wars: Lethality and the Need for Transparency" (PDF). Brown University Costs of War Project. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  73. ^ "Iraq conflict has killed a million Iraqis: survey". Reuters. 30 January 2008. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  74. ^
  75. ^
  76. ^ "How many people have been killed in Rodrigo Duterte's war on drugs?". The Economist. 22 November 2021. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  77. ^
  78. ^ "Chechen official puts death toll for 2 wars at up to 160,000". The New York Times. 16 August 2005.
  79. ^ "Honduras expands and extends its state of emergency". NBC News. 22 February 2023. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  80. ^ "More than 40 women killed in Honduran prison riot". AL JAZEERA. Archived from the original on 23 August 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  81. ^ "Honduras brings in curfews after night of violence". BBC. Archived from the original on 22 August 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  82. ^
  83. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  84. ^ "At least five killed in attack on aerospace firm near Turkey's Ankara". Al Jazeera.
  85. ^ "Luba - Batwa". ucdp.uu.se. UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  86. ^ "Peru Shining Path Arrests: 24 Seized". BBC News. 10 April 2014. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  87. ^ "Sisi says suicide bomber behind church attack in Egypt". Reuters. 12 December 2016. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  88. ^ Mandour, Maged (16 March 2017). "The Heavy Civilian Toll in Sinai". carnegieendowment.org. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 14 August 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  89. ^ Bacary Domingo Mané (13 January 2011). "Casamance: no peace after thirty years of war". Archived from the original on 3 January 2013.
  90. ^ "Uganda (1987– 2010)". Project Ploughshares. Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  91. ^
  92. ^ "Summary of Incidents in Southern Thailand, JULY 2020". DeepSouthWatch.org. 11 August 2020. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  93. ^ "Chad". ucdp.uu.se. UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  94. ^ "At least ten dead, including two police officers, left the wave of drug violence in Ecuador" (in Spanish). Infobae. 10 January 2024. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  95. ^ Solano, Gonzalo; Molina, Gabriela (13 January 2024). "Casi 900 detenidos y 5 delincuentes abatidos en Ecuador ante despliegue militar y alza de impuestos" [Almost 900 detainees with 5 criminals killed in Ecuador following military deployment after tax increases]. Associated Press (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  96. ^ "Human Rights Crisis in El Salvador "deepening": Amnesty". Al Jazeera English. 27 March 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  97. ^ "UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program". ucdp.uu.se.
  98. ^ Conflict in western DRC simmers unnoticed amid rebel gains in the east, 23 February 2024
  99. ^ Kinshasa conflict: one soldier and four militiamen killed, 12 May 2023
  100. ^ Kwamouth : après dix jours d'occupation du village Mbusie, les Mobondo vident le village Menkwo, 17 January 2024
  101. ^ Nouvelle incursion Mobondo à Kwamouth : le chef de Kimomo dénonce un « sabotage de l’acte d’engagement Teke-Yaka », 13 April 2024
  102. ^ Maï-Ndombe : plus de 50 morts après une attaque de la milice Mobondo à Kwamouth, Radio Okapi, 13 Juillet 2024
  103. ^ "Criminal Violence in Mexico". Global Conflict Tracker. Archived from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2019.