Luntai
Luntai County, also known as Bugur County or Bügür County (transliterated from Mongolian), is a county in central Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region under the administration of the Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. It contains an area of 14,189 km (5,478 sq mi). According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 90,000.
Map including northern part of the county (ATC, 1972)
Luntai has a long history associated with China. When the city refused aid to Li Guangli's Fergana campaign (c. 101 BC), the inhabitants were slaughtered. Around 80 BC, a military colony of the Han dynasty was established on the site. In 60 BC, the Han dynasty established the Protectorate of the Western Regions, with the Protector General stationed in Wulei in present Luntai County.
As of 1885, there was about 25,100 acres (165,700 mu) of cultivated land in Bugur.
Demographics
Administrative divisions
Luntai County includes 4 towns and 7 townships.
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Mongolian (traditional) | Mongolian (Cyrillic) | Administrative division code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | ||||||||
| Luntai Town | 轮台镇 | Lúntái Zhèn | بۈگۈر بازىرى | bügür baziri | 652822100 | |||
| Lunnan Town | 轮南镇 | Lúnnán Zhèn | جەنۇبىي بۈگۈر بازىرى | jenubiy bügür baziri | 652822101 | |||
| Qumpak Town | 群巴克镇 | Qúnbākè Zhèn | چۇمپاق بازىرى | chumpaq baziri | 652822102 | |||
| Yengisar Town | 阳霞镇 | Yángxiá Zhèn | يېڭىسار بازىرى | yëngisar baziri | 652822103 | |||
| Townships | ||||||||
| Karabag Township | 哈尔巴克乡 | Hā'ěrbākè Xiāng | قارىباغ يېزىسى | qaribagh yëzisi | 652822201 | |||
| Yeyungou Township (Eshme Township) |
野云沟乡 | Yěyúngōu Xiāng | ئەشمە يېزىسى | Eshme yëzisi | 652822202 | |||
| Aksaray Township | 阿克萨来乡 | Ākèsàlái Xiāng | ئاقساراي يېزىسى | Aqsaray yëzisi | 652822203 | |||
| Tarlak Township | 塔尔拉克乡 | Tǎ'ěrlākè Xiāng | تارلاق يېزىسى | tarlaq yëzisi | 652822204 | |||
| Caohu Township | 草湖乡 | Cǎohú Xiāng | سوخۇ يېزىسى | soxu yëzisi | 652822205 | |||
| Terakbazar Township | 铁热克巴扎乡 | Tiěrèkèbāzhā Xiāng | تېرەكبازار يېزىسى | tërekbazar yëzisi | 652822206 | |||
| Qedir Township | 策达雅乡 | Cèdáyǎ Xiāng | چېدىر يېزىسى | chëdir yëzisi | 652822207 | |||
Climate
| Climate data for Luntai, elevation 982 m (3,222 ft), (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.5 (29.3) |
5.9 (42.6) |
15.0 (59.0) |
23.4 (74.1) |
28.4 (83.1) |
32.1 (89.8) |
33.8 (92.8) |
32.7 (90.9) |
27.9 (82.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
9.8 (49.6) |
0.2 (32.4) |
19.0 (66.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.8 (18.0) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
7.9 (46.2) |
16.1 (61.0) |
21.2 (70.2) |
25.0 (77.0) |
26.5 (79.7) |
25.4 (77.7) |
20.4 (68.7) |
11.9 (53.4) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
11.9 (53.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −12.7 (9.1) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
1.5 (34.7) |
9.2 (48.6) |
14.4 (57.9) |
18.3 (64.9) |
19.9 (67.8) |
18.8 (65.8) |
13.7 (56.7) |
5.5 (41.9) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
5.8 (42.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.4 (0.06) |
1.9 (0.07) |
1.6 (0.06) |
4.0 (0.16) |
7.5 (0.30) |
15.3 (0.60) |
12.8 (0.50) |
11.5 (0.45) |
4.9 (0.19) |
2.5 (0.10) |
3.8 (0.15) |
1.7 (0.07) |
68.9 (2.71) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.0 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 5.2 | 6.2 | 5.0 | 2.7 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 31.8 |
| Average snowy days | 5.4 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 4.8 | 13.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 69 | 57 | 39 | 31 | 32 | 37 | 40 | 41 | 44 | 50 | 59 | 71 | 48 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 155.1 | 174.2 | 197.7 | 221.8 | 255.6 | 254.4 | 271.7 | 261.2 | 246.6 | 236.5 | 185.6 | 141.6 | 2,602 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 52 | 57 | 53 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 60 | 62 | 67 | 70 | 64 | 50 | 59 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | |||||||||||||
Notes
- ^ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
References
- ^ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
- ^ Xie Yuzhong 解玉忠 (2003). 地名中的新疆 (in Simplified Chinese). Ürümqi: 新疆人民出版社. pp. 138–141. ISBN 7-228-08004-1.
轮台 Luntai(Bügür)
- ^ Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (2010). 建筑抗震设计规范 [GB50011-2010: Code for Seismic Design of Buildings] (in English and Simplified Chinese). Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press. p. 203 – via Google Books.
Bugur County
- ^ "Sandstorm strands 4,000 train passengers in Xinjiang". 中华网. 2008-08-05. Archived from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020 – via Internet Archive.
Bugur County ... Xinhua Photo
- ^ "Rights Groups Condemn China's Detention of RFA Reporters' Relatives". Radio Free Asia. 2018-03-01. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
RFA Uyghur broadcaster Kurban Niyaz's youngest brother, Hasanjan Niyaz, was arrested in May 2017 in Bugur county, and in July sentenced to six years in jail on charges of "holding ethnic hatred."
- ^ Zhong Xingqi 钟兴麒, ed. (July 2008). 西域地名考录 (in Simplified Chinese). Beijing: 国家图书馆出版社. pp. 604–605. ISBN 978-7-5013-3628-9.
轮台 lún tái Bügür {...} 轮台县 (Bugur)
- ^ Loewe, Michael (1979). "Introduction". In Hulsewé, Anthony François Paulus (ed.). China in Central Asia: The Early Stage: 125 BC – AD 23. Brill. pp. 1–70. ISBN 978-90-04-05884-2. Pages 43, 46.
- ^ Thought and Law in Qin and Han China: Studies Dedicated to Anthony Hulsewâe on the Occasion of His Eightieth Birthday. Brill Archive. 1990. ISBN 978-90-04-09269-3.
- ^ The General Theory of Dunhuang Studies. Springer. 25 March 2022. ISBN 978-981-16-9073-0.
- ^ Herold J. Wiens (November 1966). "Cultivation Development and Expansion in China's Colonial Realm in Central Asia". The Journal of Asian Studies. 26 (1): 75. doi:10.2307/2051832. JSTOR 2051832. S2CID 162339064.
- ^ 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 [3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)]. tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn (in Chinese). Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. 2020-06-10. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
Further reading
- Yap, Joseph P, (2019). The Western Regions, Xiongnu and Han, from the Shiji, Hanshu and Hou Hanshu. ISBN 978-1792829154
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