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  • 21 Aug, 2019

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Mecklenburg County, NC
Mecklenburg County (/ˈmɛklənˌbɜːrɡ/) is a county located in the southwestern region of the U.S. state of North Carolina, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,115,482, making it the second-most populous county in North Carolina (after Wake County), and the first county in the Carolinas to surpass one million in population. Its county seat is Charlotte, the state's largest municipality.

Mecklenburg County is the central county of the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. On September 12, 2013, it was estimated the county surpassed one million residents.

Like its seat, the county is named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of the United Kingdom (1761–1818), whose name is derived from the region of Mecklenburg in Germany. It was named for Mecklenburg Castle (Mecklenburg meaning "large castle" in Low German) in the village of Dorf Mecklenburg.

History

Mecklenburg County was formed by English colonists in 1762 from the western part of Anson County, both in the Piedmont section of the state. It was named in commemoration of the marriage of King George III to Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, for whom the county seat Charlotte is named. Due to unsure boundaries, a large part of south and western Mecklenburg County extended into areas that would later form part of the state of South Carolina. In 1768, most of this area (the part of Mecklenburg County west of the Catawba River) was designated Tryon County, North Carolina.

Determining the final boundaries of these "western" areas between North and South Carolina was a decades-long process. As population increased in the area following the American Revolutionary War, in 1792 the northeastern part of Mecklenburg County was taken by the North Carolina legislature for Cabarrus County. Finally, in 1842 the southeastern part of Mecklenburg County was combined with the western part of Anson County to form Union County.

The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence was allegedly signed on May 20, 1775, and if the document is genuine, Mecklenburg County was the first part of the Thirteen Colonies to declare independence from Great Britain. The "Mecklenburg Resolves" were adopted on May 31, 1775. Mecklenburg continues to celebrate the declaration each year in May, the date of which is included on the flag of North Carolina.

The first gold rush in the United States, the Carolina Gold Rush, began after a 12-year-old boy named Conrad Reed discovered a gold nugget in a stream in neighboring Cabarrus County. Many miners and merchants began settling in the county during that time. The first United States branch mint was established in 1837 in Charlotte and continued operations until 1913. The original building was moved from its original site and redeveloped as a museum.

In 1917, during World War I, Camp Greene was established west of Charlotte as an army training camp. In 1919, after the end of WWI, it was decommissioned. Around the 1930s and 1940s, the population began to rapidly increase. During this time, Carolinas Medical Center and Charlotte College (now the University of North Carolina at Charlotte) were built. Lake Norman was also completed in 1964, after a five-year construction period.

In the mid-20th century, the county continued to see rapid growth. Many new government buildings were constructed, and Charlotte Douglas International Airport was expanded in 1954. By 1960, a quarter million people were living in the county, with the population reaching half a million by 1990. A proposal to form a consolidated city-county government with Charlotte was considered, but voted down by residents in 1971. The metropolitan statistical area now includes 11 counties in both North Carolina and South Carolina, and had an estimated combined population of 2,805,115 in 2023.

In mid-2020, the county was the site of the 2020 Colonial Pipeline oil spill, wherein about 2,000,000 U.S. gal (7,600,000 L) of gasoline leaked from the Colonial Pipeline in the Oehler Nature Preserve near Huntersville. It is one of the largest gasoline spills in U.S. history, and cleanup efforts are expected to last for several years.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 546.09 square miles (1,414.4 km), of which 523.61 square miles (1,356.1 km) is land and 22.48 square miles (58.2 km) (4.12%) is water.

State and local protected areas/sites

Nature preserves in Charlotte:

  • Auten Nature Preserve
  • Big Rock Nature Preserve
  • Cowans Ford Wildlife Refuge
  • Ferrelltown Nature Preserve
  • Latta Nature Preserve
  • McDowell Nature Preserve
  • Possum Walk Nature Preserve
  • Reedy Creek Nature Preserve
  • Sherman Branch Nature Preserve
  • Stevens Creek Nature Preserve

Major water bodies

Adjacent counties

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
179011,395—
180010,439−8.4%
181014,27236.7%
182016,89518.4%
183020,07318.8%
184018,273−9.0%
185013,914−23.9%
186017,37424.9%
187024,29939.9%
188034,17540.6%
189042,67324.9%
190055,26829.5%
191067,03121.3%
192080,69520.4%
1930127,97158.6%
1940151,82618.6%
1950197,05229.8%
1960272,11138.1%
1970354,65630.3%
1980404,27014.0%
1990511,43326.5%
2000695,45436.0%
2010919,62832.2%
20201,115,48221.3%
2023 (est.)1,163,7014.3%
U.S. Decennial Census
1790–1960 1900–1990
1990–2000 2010–2020
Population grew 2.5% per year from 1970 to 2008

2020 census

Mecklenburg County, North Carolina – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000 Pop 2010 Pop 2020 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 425,144 465,372 498,683 61.13% 50.60% 44.71%
Black or African American alone (NH) 192,403 278,042 324,832 27.67% 30.23% 29.12%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 2,130 2,843 2,730 0.31% 0.31% 0.24%
Asian alone (NH) 21,717 41,991 71,583 3.12% 4.57% 6.42%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 283 518 531 0.04% 0.06% 0.05%
Other Race alone (NH) 1,022 2,407 6,889 0.15% 0.26% 0.62%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 7,884 16,511 40,312 1.13% 1.80% 3.61%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 44,871 111,944 169,922 6.45% 12.17% 15.23%
Total 695,454 919,628 1,115,482 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

As of the 2020 census, there were 1,115,482 people, 426,313 households, and 254,759 families residing in the county.

2000 census

At the 2000 census, there were 695,454 people, 273,416 households, and 174,986 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,322 people per square mile (510 people/km). There were 292,780 housing units at an average density of 556 units per square mile (215 units/km). The racial makeup of the county was 64.02% White, 27.87% Black or African American, 0.35% American Indian/Alaska Native, 3.15% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 3.01% from other races, and 1.55% from two or more races. 6.45% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 273,416 households, out of which 32.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.70% were married couples living together, 12.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.00% were non-families. 27.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.10% under the age of 18, 9.70% from 18 to 24, 36.40% from 25 to 44, 20.30% from 45 to 64, and 8.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 96.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.60 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $50,579, and the median income for a family was $60,608. Males had a median income of $40,934 versus $30,100 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,352. About 6.60% of families and 9.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.50% of those under age 18 and 9.30% of those age 65 or over.

Law and government

Mecklenburg County is a member of the regional Centralina Council of Governments.

The county is governed by the Mecklenburg Board of County Commissioners (BOCC). The BOCC is a nine-member board made up of representatives elected from six single-member districts, and three at-large representatives elected by the entire county. This electoral structure favors at-large candidates who appeal to the majority population of the county. Each District has a population of approximately 165,000 individuals. All seats are partisan and are for 2-year terms (elections occur in even years). The current chairman of the Mecklenburg BOCC is George Dunlap (D, District 3). The Current Vice-chair is Elaine Powell (D, District 1).

Members of the Mecklenburg County Commission are required by North Carolina State law to choose a chair and vice-chair once a year (at the first meeting of December). Historically, the individual elected was the 'top-vote-getter', typically one of three at-large members. In 2014 this unofficial rule was changed by the Board to allow any member to serve as Chair or vice-chair as long as they received support from 4 members plus their own vote.

The nine members of the Board of County Commissioners are:

  • George Dunlap (D, District 3, chairman)
  • Elaine Powell (D, District 1, Vice Chairman)
  • Pat Cotham (D, At-Large)
  • Leigh Altman (D, At-Large)
  • Wilhelmenia Rembert (D, At-Large)
  • Vilma Leake (D, District 2)
  • Mark Jerrell (D, District 4)
  • Laura Meier (D, District 5)
  • Susan Rodriguez-McDowell (D, District 6)

Politics

United States presidential election results for Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 187,770 32.51% 376,454 65.19% 13,281 2.30%
2020 179,211 31.60% 378,107 66.68% 9,735 1.72%
2016 155,518 32.89% 294,562 62.29% 22,777 4.82%
2012 171,668 38.24% 272,262 60.65% 4,970 1.11%
2008 153,848 37.45% 253,958 61.82% 3,011 0.73%
2004 155,084 48.00% 166,828 51.63% 1,190 0.37%
2000 134,068 50.97% 126,911 48.25% 2,057 0.78%
1996 97,719 45.91% 103,429 48.59% 11,697 5.50%
1992 99,496 43.57% 97,065 42.50% 31,814 13.93%
1988 106,236 59.42% 71,907 40.22% 653 0.37%
1984 106,754 62.67% 63,190 37.10% 393 0.23%
1980 68,384 47.80% 66,995 46.83% 7,679 5.37%
1976 61,715 49.21% 63,198 50.40% 486 0.39%
1972 77,546 68.52% 33,730 29.80% 1,900 1.68%
1968 56,325 52.40% 31,102 28.93% 20,070 18.67%
1964 46,589 48.44% 49,582 51.56% 0 0.00%
1960 48,250 55.07% 39,362 44.93% 0 0.00%
1956 44,469 62.02% 27,227 37.98% 0 0.00%
1952 44,334 57.30% 33,044 42.70% 0 0.00%
1948 11,518 34.71% 14,353 43.25% 7,314 22.04%
1944 9,434 26.66% 25,950 73.34% 0 0.00%
1940 7,013 19.60% 28,768 80.40% 0 0.00%
1936 4,709 15.25% 26,169 84.75% 0 0.00%
1932 4,973 21.32% 18,167 77.90% 181 0.78%
1928 12,041 55.41% 9,690 44.59% 0 0.00%
1924 2,572 22.46% 8,443 73.73% 437 3.82%
1920 3,421 23.22% 11,313 76.78% 0 0.00%
1916 1,257 21.78% 4,508 78.11% 6 0.10%
1912 284 5.89% 3,967 82.27% 571 11.84%
1908 1,645 29.37% 3,926 70.09% 30 0.54%
1904 748 19.01% 3,142 79.87% 44 1.12%
1900 2,234 36.63% 3,786 62.09% 78 1.28%
1896 3,921 44.61% 4,714 53.63% 155 1.76%
1892 1,933 29.87% 3,881 59.97% 658 10.17%
1888 3,253 43.07% 4,206 55.69% 93 1.23%
1884 3,101 45.83% 3,666 54.17% 0 0.00%
1880 3,245 49.12% 3,361 50.88% 0 0.00%

Mecklenburg County was one of the first parts of North Carolina to break away from a Solid South voting pattern. It was a Republican-leaning swing county for most of the second half of the 20th century, supporting the GOP all but three times from 1952 to 2000. However, the county has strongly trended Democratic in the 21st century, particularly in federal and statewide elections. The expansion of the financial and business communities since the late 20th century attracted many newcomers from other areas of the country, with more diverse voting patterns. The more ethnically diverse core and northern sections of Charlotte trend Democratic, while wealthier and whiter suburban areas to the south of the city lean more Republican.

In 2004, John Kerry became only the fourth Democrat to carry Mecklenburg County since Harry Truman in 1948, and the third to win it with a majority since Franklin Roosevelt's last campaign in 1944. In 2008, the county swung dramatically to support Barack Obama, who won 60.8 percent of the county's vote, at the time the strongest showing for a Democrat in the county since Roosevelt's landslides. Obama's 100,100-vote margin in the county helped him become the first Democrat to carry North Carolina since 1976. At the same time, John McCain became the first Republican to win less than 40 percent of the county's vote since 1948.

Obama won the county almost as easily in 2012. The county swung even further in favor of Hillary Clinton in 2016 and Joe Biden in 2020, with both beating Obama's 2008 total. However, Republicans continue to retain some strength in local races.

Economy

Data represents January 1990 to November 2009
Data represents January 1990 to November 2009

The major industries of Mecklenburg County are banking, manufacturing, and professional services, especially those supporting banking and medicine. Mecklenburg County is home to ten Fortune 1000 companies.

Fortune 1,000 companies
with headquarters in Mecklenburg County
Name Industry 2019 Revenue Rank
1. Bank of America Banking $110.6 billion 25
2. Nucor Metals $25.1 billion 120
3. Duke Energy Utilities $24.1 billion 126
4. Sonic Automotive Automotive retailing $10.0 billion 316
5. Brighthouse Financial Insurance $9.0 billion 342
6. Sealed Air Conglomerate $4.7 billion 555
7. Coca-Cola Consolidated Food Processing $4.7 billion 563
8. JELD-WEN Holding Building Products $4.3 billion 590
9. Albemarle Chemicals $3.4 billion 702
10. SPX Electronics $2.1 billion 962

Wachovia, a former Fortune 500 company, had its headquarters in Charlotte until it was acquired by Wells Fargo for $15.1 billion. Wells Fargo maintains the majority of the former company's operations in Charlotte.

Goodrich Corporation, a former Fortune 500 company, had its headquarters in Charlotte until it was acquired by United Technologies Corporation for $18.4 billion. Charlotte is now the headquarters for UTC Aerospace Systems.

20 largest employers in Mecklenburg County, by number of employees in region (Q2 2018)
Name Industry Number of employees
1. Atrium Health Health Care and Social Assistance 35,700
2. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools Educational Services 18,495
3. Bank of America Finance and Insurance 15,000
4. American Airlines Transportation and Warehousing 11,000
5. Harris Teeter Retail Trade 8,239
6. Duke Energy Utilities 7,900
7. City of Charlotte Public Administration 6,800
8. Mecklenburg County Government Public Administration 5,512
9. YMCA of Greater Charlotte Arts, Entertainment and Recreation 4,436
10. Carowinds Arts, Entertainment and Recreation 4,100
11. University of North Carolina at Charlotte Educational Services 4,000
11. United States Postal Service Transportation and Warehousing 4,000
11. TIAA Finance and Insurance 4,000
14. LPL Financial Finance and Insurance 2,850
15. Central Piedmont Community College Educational Services 2,700
16. Belk Retail Trade 2,300
17. DMSI Transportation and Warehousing 2,175
18. IBM Professional Services 2,100
19. Robert Half International Administrative and Support Services 2,000
19. Allstate Insurance Finance and Insurance 2,000

Transportation

Air

The county's primary commercial aviation airport is Charlotte Douglas International Airport in Charlotte.

Intercity rail

With twenty-five freight trains a day, Mecklenburg is a freight railroad transportation center, largely due to its place on the NS main line between Washington and Atlanta, and the large volumes of freight moving in and out of the county via truck.

Mecklenburg County is served daily by three Amtrak routes. The Crescent train connects Charlotte with New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Charlottesville, and Greensboro to the north, and Atlanta, Birmingham and New Orleans to the southwest.

The Carolinian train connects Charlotte with New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Richmond, Raleigh, Durham and Greensboro.

The Piedmont train connects Charlotte with Raleigh, Durham and Greensboro.

The Amtrak station is located at 1914 North Tryon Street. A new centralized multimodal train station, Gateway Station, has been planned for the city. It is expected to house the future LYNX Purple Line, the new Greyhound bus station, and the Crescent line that passes through Uptown Charlotte.

Mecklenburg County is the proposed southern terminus for the initial segment of the Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor operating between Charlotte and Washington, D.C. Currently in conceptual design, the SEHSR would eventually run from Washington, D.C. to Macon, Georgia.

Light rail and mass transit

Light rail service in Mecklenburg County is provided by LYNX Rapid Transit Services. Currently, the 19-mile (31 km) Lynx Blue Line runs from University of North Carolina at Charlotte, through Uptown Charlotte, to Pineville; build-out is expected to be complete by 2034. The CityLynx Gold Line, a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) streetcar line runs from Sunnyside Avenue, in Plaza-Midwood, through Uptown Charlotte, stopping at the Charlotte Transportation Center and future Charlotte Gateway Station, before continuing to French Street in Biddleville (Charlotte neighborhood), near the campus of Johnson C. Smith University.

Charlotte Area Transit System (CATS) bus service serves all of Mecklenburg County, including Charlotte, and the municipalities of Davidson, Huntersville, Cornelius, Matthews, Pineville, and Mint Hill.

The Lynx Silver Line is a proposed 29-mile (47 km) east-west light rail line that would connect the outlying cities and towns of Belmont, Matthews, Stallings and Indian Trail to Uptown Charlotte and the Charlotte Douglas International Airport. Originally setup as two separate projects known as the Southeast Corridor and West Corridor, they were merged in 2019 by the Metropolitan Transit Commission. The tentative opening date in 2037.

Freight

Mecklenburg's manufacturing base, its central location on the Eastern Seaboard, and the intersection of two major interstates in the county have made it a hub for the trucking industry. Also located in the county is the Inland Port of Charlotte, which is a major rail corridor for CSX rail lines.

Major highways

Education

School system

The Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools (CMS) serves the entire county; however, the State of North Carolina also has approved a number of charter schools in Mecklenburg County (independently operated schools financed with tax dollars).

Colleges and universities

Current

Former

Libraries

The Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County serves residents of Mecklenburg County. Library cards from any branch can be used at all 20 locations. The library has an extensive collection (over 1.5 million items) of reference and popular materials including DVDs, books on CD, best sellers, downloadable media, and books.

The Billy Graham Library contains the papers and memorabilia related to the career of the well-known 20th century evangelist, Billy Graham.

Healthcare

Two major healthcare providers exist within Mecklenburg County, Atrium Health, and Novant Health. The two healthcare systems combined offer 14 emergency departments throughout Mecklenburg County, including a psychiatric emergency department and two children's emergency departments. Two hospitals in the region offer trauma services with one level I trauma center and one level II. Atrium Health, legally Charlotte-Mecklenburg Hospital Authority, is the public hospital authority of the county.

The residents of Mecklenburg County are provided emergency medical service by MEDIC, the Mecklenburg EMS Agency. All emergency ambulance service is provided by MEDIC. No other emergency transport companies are allowed to operate within Mecklenburg County. In the fiscal year 2024, MEDIC responded to 157,121 calls for service and transported 113,768 patients. While MEDIC is a division of Mecklenburg County Government, a board guides and directs MEDIC that consists of members affiliated with Atrium Health, Novant Health and a swing vote provided by the Mecklenburg County Board of Commissioners. Atrium and Novant are the two major medical institutions in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Arts and culture

Museums and libraries

Sports and entertainment

Music and performing arts venues

Amusement parks

Other attractions

Communities

Map of Mecklenburg County with municipal and township labels

Mecklenburg County contains seven municipalities including the City of Charlotte and the towns of Cornelius, Davidson, and Huntersville (north of Charlotte); and the towns of Matthews, Mint Hill, and Pineville (south and southeast of Charlotte). A small portion of Stallings is also in Mecklenburg County, though most of that town is in Union County. Extraterritorial jurisdictions within the county are annexed by municipalities as soon as they reach sufficient concentrations. Townships are administrative divisions of unincorporated county land and do not have any government function.

City

  • Charlotte (county seat and largest municipality in the county and state)

Towns

Unincorporated communities

Townships

By the requirements of the North Carolina Constitution of 1868, Mecklenburg County was divided into 15 townships. However, one township, Sharon, was later annexed to the Charlotte township and ceased to exist. The townships, which are both numbered and named, are as follows:

  • Township 1, Charlotte
  • Township 2, Berryhill
  • Township 3, Steele Creek
  • Township 4, Sharon (extinct)
  • Township 5, Providence
  • Township 6, Clear Creek
  • Township 7, Crab Orchard
  • Township 8, Mallard Creek
  • Township 9, Deweese
  • Township 10, Lemley
  • Township 11, Long Creek
  • Township 12, Paw Creek
  • Township 13, Morning Star
  • Township 14, Pineville
  • Township 15, Huntersville

Notable people

See also

References

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  51. ^ "Emergency Medical Services Charlotte NC". www.medic911.com. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  52. ^ Flipsnack. "AR22 web". Flipsnack. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
  53. ^ Blythe, LeGette; Brockmann, Charles Raven (1961). "Mecklenburg Towns and Villages". Hornets' Nest: The Story of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County. Vol. 2. Charlotte, North Carolina: Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County. pp. 416–425. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  54. ^ "Township 1, Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, NC". Census Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  55. ^ "Township 2, Berryhill, Mecklenburg County, NC". Census Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  56. ^ "Township 3, Steele Creek, Mecklenburg County, NC". Census Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  57. ^ "Township 5, Providence, Mecklenburg County, NC". Census Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  58. ^ "Township 6, Clear Creek, Mecklenburg County, NC". Census Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  59. ^ "Township 7, Crab Orchard, Mecklenburg County, NC". Census Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  60. ^ "Township 8, Mallard Creek, Mecklenburg County, NC". Census Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  61. ^ "Township 9, Deweese, Mecklenburg County, NC". Census Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  62. ^ "Township 10, Lemley, Mecklenburg County, NC". Census Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  63. ^ "Township 11, Long Creek, Mecklenburg County, NC". Census Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  64. ^ "Township 12, Paw Creek, Mecklenburg County, NC". Census Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  65. ^ "Township 13, Morning Star, Mecklenburg County, NC". Census Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  66. ^ "Township 14, Pineville, Mecklenburg County, NC". Census Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  67. ^ "Township 15, Huntersville, Mecklenburg County, NC". Census Reporter. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
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  71. ^ Gordon, Michael (February 9, 2023). "'Best of the best.' NC Judge Shirley Fulton, legal trailblazer, activist, dies at 71". The News & Observer. Retrieved February 14, 2023.

Further reading

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