Chilton County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 45,014. The county seat is Clanton. Its name is in honor of William Parish Chilton, Sr. (1810–1871), a lawyer who became Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court and later represented Montgomery County in the Congress of the Confederate States of America.

Chilton County is included in the Birmingham Metropolitan Statistical Area.

In 2010, the center of population of Alabama was located in Chilton County, near the city of Jemison, an area known as Jemison Division.

The county is known for its peaches and its unique landscape. It is home to swamps, prairies, and mountains due to the foothills of the Appalachians which end in the county, the Coosa River basin, and its proximity to the Black Belt Prairie that was long a center of cotton production.

Baker County was established on December 30, 1868, named for Alfred Baker, with its county seat at Grantville. Residents of the county petitioned the Alabama legislature for the renaming of their county; it was not something forced upon them. On December 17, 1874, the petitioners accepted the suggestion of Chilton County, even though the Chief Justice had not lived within its boundaries. In 1871, the county seat was moved to what is now Clanton after the Grantville courthouse burned.

In 1942, the U.S. Navy commissioned a new vessel, the USS Chilton, in honor of Chilton County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 701 square miles (1,820 km), of which 693 square miles (1,790 km) is land and 7.9 square miles (20 km) (1.1%) is water.

• Interstate 65
• U.S. Highway 31
• U.S. Highway 82
• State Route 22
• State Route 139
• State Route 145
• State Route 155
• State Route 191

• Shelby County (north)
• Coosa County (east)
• Elmore County (southeast)
• Autauga County (south)
• Perry County (southwest)
• Dallas County (southwest)
• Bibb County (northwest)

• Talladega National Forest (part)

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1870	6,194		—
1880	10,793		74.2%
1890	14,549		34.8%
1900	16,522		13.6%
1910	23,187		40.3%
1920	22,770		−1.8%
1930	24,579		7.9%
1940	27,955		13.7%
1950	26,922		−3.7%
1960	25,693		−4.6%
1970	25,180		−2.0%
1980	30,612		21.6%
1990	32,458		6.0%
2000	39,593		22.0%
2010	43,643		10.2%
2020	45,014		3.1%
2023 (est.)	46,431		3.1%
U.S. Decennial Census 1790–1960 1900–1990 1990–2000 2010–2020

Chilton County, Alabama – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.

Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000	Pop 2010	Pop 2020	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	33,897	35,395	34,878	85.61%	81.10%	77.48%
Black or African American alone (NH)	4,131	4,171	4,040	10.43%	9.56%	8.97%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	111	134	112	0.28%	0.31%	0.25%
Asian alone (NH)	65	125	176	0.16%	0.29%	0.39%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	2	11	5	0.01%	0.03%	0.01%
Other race alone (NH)	16	34	121	0.04%	0.08%	0.27%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)	219	353	1,264	0.55%	0.81%	2.81%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	1,152	3,420	4,418	2.91%	7.84%	9.81%
Total	39,593	43,643	45,014	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

As of the census of 2020, there were 45,014 people, 16,927 households, and 11,908 families residing in the county.

According to the 2010 United States census, the population identifies by the following ethnicities:

• 84.1% White
• 9.7% Black
• 0.4% Native American
• 0.3% Asian
• 0.0% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
• 1.2% Two or more races
• 7.8% Hispanic or Latino (of any race)

Chilton County is the 23rd-richest county per capita income in Alabama.

As of the census, of 2000, there were 39,593 people, 15,287 households, and 11,342 families residing in the county. The population density was 57 people per square mile (22 people/km). There were 17,651 housing units at an average density of 25 units per square mile (9.7 units/km). The racial makeup of the county was 86.71% White, 10.61% Black or African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.51% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Nearly 2.91% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 15,287 households, of which 34.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.10% were married couples living together, 10.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.80% were non-families. Nearly 22.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57, and the average family size was 3.00.

25.70% of the population were under the age of 18, 9.10% from 18 to 24, 29.00% from 25 to 44, 23.40% from 45 to 64, and 12.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.90 males.

The median household income was $32,588 and the median family income was $39,505. Males had a median income of $31,006 versus $21,275 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,303. About 12.60% of families and 15.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.40% of those under age 18 and 18.20% of those age 65 or over.

Chilton County contains one public school district. There are approximately 7,700 students in public PK-12 schools in Chilton County.

School districts include:

• Chilton County School District

The County Commission is made up of seven members elected by cumulative vote (CV). "Chilton County adopted cumulative voting in 1988 as part of the settlement of a vote dilution lawsuit brought against its previous election system. According to the 1990 Census, African Americans constituted 9.9% of the county's voting age population." Although passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 enabled African Americans to register and vote, in Chilton County no African American was elected to the County Commission until the first cumulative voting election, held in 1988.

African Americans in Alabama had been essentially disenfranchised by the 1901 state constitution, which required payment of a poll tax and qualification by a literacy test in order to register to vote. Discriminatory in practice as administered by white officials, this system excluded most blacks from the state's political system for decades in the 20th century before Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965. After that, African Americans were able finally to register and vote in the county and state for the first time since the late 19th century.

In counties in which there is a minority population and members are elected at-large or by single-member districts, minorities may be unable to elect representatives in a system dominated by the majority. The adoption of cumulative voting in Chilton County has enabled the minority to elect candidates of their choice by pooling their votes. Bobby Agee was elected as a Chilton County Commissioner in 1988 and again in the second cumulative voting election in 1992. Cumulative voting depends on a multi-seat election, whether at-large or by district. "The cumulative options provide a minority of voters an opportunity to concentrate their support for a candidate or candidates more effectively than they can under the more traditional voting rules used in this country." In 2014, the county commission had an African-American commissioner among its seven members. However, in 2018, the county commissioners were all white males.

The commission hires a County Administrator to handle daily management of county business.

Chilton County is reliably Republican at the presidential level. The last Democrat to win the county in a presidential election is Jimmy Carter, who won it by a majority in 1976.

United States presidential election results for Chilton County, Alabama

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2024	16,920	85.61%	2,698	13.65%	145	0.73%
2020	16,085	83.30%	3,073	15.91%	152	0.79%
2016	15,081	82.10%	2,911	15.85%	377	2.05%
2012	13,932	79.68%	3,397	19.43%	156	0.89%
2008	13,960	78.49%	3,674	20.66%	151	0.85%
2004	12,829	76.85%	3,778	22.63%	86	0.52%
2000	10,066	66.70%	4,806	31.84%	220	1.46%
1996	7,910	55.40%	5,354	37.50%	1,014	7.10%
1992	8,126	56.17%	4,946	34.19%	1,396	9.65%
1988	8,761	69.41%	3,820	30.26%	42	0.33%
1984	8,243	70.53%	2,934	25.10%	511	4.37%
1980	6,615	57.64%	4,706	41.00%	156	1.36%
1976	4,725	45.50%	5,550	53.44%	110	1.06%
1972	7,349	82.88%	1,356	15.29%	162	1.83%
1968	1,602	18.00%	566	6.36%	6,734	75.65%
1964	5,202	75.97%	0	0.00%	1,645	24.03%
1960	3,201	63.93%	1,798	35.91%	8	0.16%
1956	3,139	60.98%	1,891	36.73%	118	2.29%
1952	2,563	52.91%	2,269	46.84%	12	0.25%
1948	1,584	44.38%	0	0.00%	1,985	55.62%
1944	1,385	41.02%	1,984	58.77%	7	0.21%
1940	1,995	41.99%	2,746	57.80%	10	0.21%
1936	1,469	36.23%	2,565	63.26%	21	0.52%
1932	1,532	47.09%	1,664	51.15%	57	1.75%
1928	3,186	69.37%	1,402	30.52%	5	0.11%
1924	1,595	63.19%	848	33.60%	81	3.21%
1920	2,273	69.11%	962	29.25%	54	1.64%
1916	1,363	59.31%	881	38.34%	54	2.35%
1912	140	6.23%	880	39.18%	1,226	54.59%
1908	890	54.87%	656	40.44%	76	4.69%
1904	648	39.11%	738	44.54%	271	16.35%

• Clanton (county seat)
• Jemison
• Calera (Mostly in Shelby County)

• Maplesville
• Thorsby

• Isabella
• Jumbo
• Mountain Creek
• Mulberry
• Pletcher
• Stanton
• Verbena

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Chilton County, Alabama
• Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in Chilton County, Alabama
• List of counties in Alabama

• Official County Website
• Chilton County map of roads/towns (map © 2007 Univ. of Alabama).

32°50′43″N 86°42′52″W / 32.84528°N 86.71444°W / 32.84528; -86.71444